grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ... grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
Cape Town were reserved for occupancy by those who were classified as White (McCormick 2002). The area rapidly became a slum and, to date, the majority of the communities of the Cape Flats are poverty-stricken, with social problems such as gangsterism, drug abuse, and high unemployment rates. 4.2 Methodology A qualitative method of analysis was adopted for this study. To draw a distinction between the two, Flick (1992: 6) emphasizes the following: Unlike quantitative research, qualitative methods take the researcher’s communication with the field and its members as an explicit part of knowledge production in stead of excluding it … (and) … the subjectivities of the researcher and of those being studied are part of the research process. Researchers’ reflections on their actions and observations on the field, their impressions, irritations, feelings and so on, become data in their own right … Qualitative methods are useful in that they provide detail and room for descriptive analysis, rather than mere statistics. Such methods are useful in providing answers to questions relating to the nature and purpose of specific phenomena (Leedy, 1997). Cresswell (1994) (cited in Leedy, 1997: 2) defines qualitative research as an “inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants and conducted in a natural setting.” Leedy (1997) argues that qualitative studies have unique purposes, processes and methods of data collection and analysis. These criteria differentiate qualitative studies from quantitative ones. In terms of purpose, Glesne and Peshkin (1992) (cited in Leedy, 1997) argue that one of the major goals of qualitative studies is to identify the ways in which participants construct the world around them within a particular social context. 54
Thus, qualitative research is an interactive process between researchers and participants, but also investigates interaction between participants and the context of the study. In terms of process, Leedy (1997: 106) argues that, “researchers enter the setting with open minds, prepared to immerse themselves in the complexity of the situation.” In qualitative studies, researchers interact with the participants, variables emerge from the data, leading to patterns and theories that assist in accounting for a particular phenomenon (Leedy, 1997). With regard to data collection, Glesne and Peshkin (1992) (cited in Leedy, 1997) suggest that, in qualitative studies, the researchers act as research instruments, in that data collection is dependent on their personal involvement. In addition, instead of sampling a large group and making broad generalizations, qualitative researchers specifically choose certain participants so as to learn about the range of behaviour related to the research focus; in order to gain understanding of the complex phenomenon in question (Glesne & Peshkin, 1992) (cited in Leedy, 1997). Leedy (1997: 107) also argues that in terms of data analysis, qualitative studies tend to rely on inductive forms of analysis and that “by observing the specifics of a situation, qualitative researchers hope to increase their understanding of the broader phenomenon of which the situation is an instance.” Qualitative research, therefore, entails working with participants and providing detailed accounts of patterns emerging from the data. Qualitative research provides detailed explanations for the occurrence of particular phenomena and provides detailed analyses in a way that statistics generated from quantitative research would not be able to. Thus, while, quantitative research is factual and objective, qualitative research is personal and subjective. 55
- Page 3 and 4: Abstract GRAMMATICAL CONSTRAINTS AN
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Thus, qualitative research is an interactive process between researchers <strong>and</strong><br />
participants, but also investigates interaction between participants <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> context<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> process, Leedy (1997: 106) argues that, “researchers enter <strong>the</strong> setting<br />
with open minds, prepared to immerse <strong>the</strong>mselves in <strong>the</strong> complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
situation.” In qualitative studies, researchers interact with <strong>the</strong> participants,<br />
variables emerge from <strong>the</strong> data, leading to patterns <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ories that assist in<br />
accounting <strong>for</strong> a particular phenomenon (Leedy, 1997).<br />
With regard to data collection, Glesne <strong>and</strong> Peshkin (1992) (cited in Leedy, 1997)<br />
suggest that, in qualitative studies, <strong>the</strong> researchers act as research instruments, in<br />
that data collection is dependent on <strong>the</strong>ir personal involvement. In addition,<br />
instead <strong>of</strong> sampling a large group <strong>and</strong> making broad generalizations, qualitative<br />
researchers specifically choose certain participants so as to learn about <strong>the</strong> range<br />
<strong>of</strong> behaviour related to <strong>the</strong> research focus; in order to gain underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
complex phenomenon in question (Glesne & Peshkin, 1992) (cited in Leedy,<br />
1997).<br />
Leedy (1997: 107) also argues that in terms <strong>of</strong> data analysis, qualitative studies<br />
tend to rely on inductive <strong>for</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> analysis <strong>and</strong> that “by observing <strong>the</strong> specifics <strong>of</strong><br />
a situation, qualitative researchers hope to increase <strong>the</strong>ir underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
broader phenomenon <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> situation is an instance.”<br />
Qualitative research, <strong>the</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, entails working with participants <strong>and</strong> providing<br />
detailed accounts <strong>of</strong> patterns emerging from <strong>the</strong> data. Qualitative research<br />
provides detailed explanations <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> particular phenomena <strong>and</strong><br />
provides detailed analyses in a way that statistics generated from quantitative<br />
research would not be able to. Thus, while, quantitative research is factual <strong>and</strong><br />
objective, qualitative research is personal <strong>and</strong> subjective.<br />
55
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