grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...

2.0 Introduction
Chapter 2
Social Motivations for Codeswitching
This chapter is divided into three main sections. The first section provides the
various definitions of codeswitching that have been put forward by different
researchers, while the second section covers explanations of how codeswitching is
believed to occur and also the different kinds of switching that may occur. These
include extrasentential, intersentential and intrasentential switching as well as
tagging. The section also explains insertional versus alternational codeswitching
and congruent lexicalization
The third section discusses social motivations for codeswitching, such as Myers-
Scotton’s (1993a, 2006a) Markedness Model and Appel and Muysken’s (1987)
functional model of codeswitching.
2.1 Definitions of Codeswitching
Various definitions of codeswitching have been proposed by a number of
researchers, each with their own beliefs as to what exactly codeswitching is and
what should be regarded as a switch.
McCormick (2002b: 88-89) distinguishes between code-mixing and
codeswitching. Switching, she argues, refers to “…the alternation of phrases or
longer chunks in one code or language with those in another…” while mixing
refers to the “…incorporation of single lexical items from one language into
phrases in another, and also for the affixing of morphemes from one language on
to morphemes from the other language.”
31