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GRAMMATICAL CONSTRAINTS AND MOTIVATIONS FOR Key words Codeswitching Constraints Motivations Bilingualism Kaapse Afrikaans English Cape flats Radio show Identity Sociolinguistics ENGLISH/AFRIKAANS CODESWITCHING: EVIDENCE FROM A LOCAL RADIO TALK SHOW 2
Abstract GRAMMATICAL CONSTRAINTS AND MOTIVATIONS FOR ENGLISH/AFRIKAANS CODESWITCHING: EVIDENCE FROM A LOCAL RADIO TALK SHOW Diane Lesley Bowers M.A. full thesis, Department of Linguistics, University of the Western Cape. The study investigated the practice of codeswitching within the Cape Flats speech community of Cape Town. Members of this speech community have always been exposed to both English and Afrikaans in formal as well as informal contexts. Due to constant exposure to both languages, as well as historical and political experiences, members of the speech community have come to utilize both languages within a single conversation and even within a single utterance. Codeswitching is an integral part of the community’s speech behaviour. The main purpose of this research was to uncover and analyze the motivations behind codeswitching in the bilingual communities of Cape Town, while also providing a strong argument that codeswitching patterns evident in their speech do not always correspond completely with linguistic constraints that are regarded as ‘universal.’ In addition, the significance of this study was that, to my knowledge, no other study had ever dealt with codeswitching within the context of a talk show. Other studies have generally focused on codeswitching within the context of casual one-on-one conversations. Thus, this study was significant as it attempted to uncover motivations for codeswitching within a completely different context, but also as it attempted to uncover whether constraints proposed (based on recorded conversations) were evident in live radio broadcasts. Data for the research consisted of transcripts of a popular radio talk show. The two shows, approximately five hours long, in total, provided the basis for the research. A conversational analysis of these transcripts provided insight into grammatical constraints 3
Page 1: GRAMMATICAL CONSTRAINTS AND MOTIVAT
Page 5 and 6: Declaration I declare that Grammati
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Key words .......
Page 9 and 10: 1.0 Introduction Chapter 1 Backgrou
Page 11 and 12: English is not the mother tongue of
Page 13 and 14: everyday communication. The nature
Page 15 and 16: While researchers and sociolinguist
Page 17 and 18: language of the court, education, a
Page 19 and 20: This, then, makes it apparent why C
Page 21 and 22: have always been exposed simultaneo
Page 23 and 24: ) I have eaten an apple. The past t
Page 25 and 26: also instances in which they do not
Page 27 and 28: providing a strong argument that co
Page 29 and 30: 1.10 Outline of the Study Chapter 1
Page 31 and 32: 2.0 Introduction Chapter 2 Social M
Page 33 and 34: “…codeswitching is a form of bo
Page 35 and 36: In this section, I attempt to provi
Page 37 and 38: eferred to as RO) sets between part
Page 39 and 40: example, Afrikaans speakers may swi
Page 41 and 42: Further, Franceschini (1998: 62) st
Page 43 and 44: context in which the speaker finds
Page 45 and 46: 3.0 Introduction Chapter 3 Grammati
Page 47 and 48: codeswitching as they do reflect th
Page 49 and 50: Constituent insertion differs from
Page 51 and 52: In these examples, the main verbs a
Page 53 and 54:
4.0 Introduction Chapter 4 Research
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Thus, qualitative research is an in
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However, contrary to Auer’s 1984
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The transcripts were then analyzed
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5.0 Introduction Chapter 5 Discussi
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Turn Phrase Table 1: Switched conju
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In turns 22, 53, 59 and 63, English
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Unlike in English, when the past te
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similarity to that of Afrikaans due
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Table 7: Afrikaans determiners with
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possessive. However, it appears as
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indefinite articles, ‘a’ or ‘
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The following are examples from the
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Turn Mixed verb Afrikaans equivalen
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In turns 421 and 532, the host subs
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the violation of this constraint, p
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nouns) are used. I have selected a
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What follows are a few switches to
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The next switch is the insertion of
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has chosen to split the phrase into
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The discourse suggests that the hos
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speaker’s close association with
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The next, and final, switch is to A
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of proceedings throughout the show.
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host is being somewhat sarcastic, b
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also of the ways in which language
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6.0 Introduction Chapter 6 Conclusi
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• While conjunctions do agree wit
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References Appel, R & Muysken, P. (
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Hamers, J. & Blanc, M. (2000). Bili
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Ponelis, F. (1993). The Development
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Young, D. (1988). Bilingualism and
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APPENDIX
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First Transcript: Update Kaapse Vla
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52. Clarence: Wilfred? 53. Suster:
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[laughter] 62. Clarence: Die’s (d
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terrace and so I couldn’t go up t
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{So he got an sms back} to say, “
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then you go from Notre-Dame up the
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201. Suster: Yes Clarence, it’s,
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258. Suster Ja {Yes}, my introducti
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322. Suster = = Nou {Now}, Clarence
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376. Suster Will do. Thank you my s
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a short while. Music followed by ad
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ecause … did I really say that, y
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speaker}. En toe stoot hy nou die m
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627. Suster [laughter] 628. Caller
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699. Caller 13 Yes, uh, I know that
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when I say that you do not have a,
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853. Caller 16 = = maar jy en Clare
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for} innerly = = 897. Suster = = ja
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975. Caller 19 Hello Suster. 976. S
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