The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...
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polif<strong>on</strong>iisa da m<strong>on</strong>of<strong>on</strong>iis urTierTmimarTebis problema<br />

qarTuli qalaquri folkloris magaliTze<br />

lisis mosaxleobis yofacxovrebaSi.<br />

XIX s.-Si ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiamde Tbilisi orientuli kulturis erT-erT<br />

centrad iTvleboda kavkasiaSi mezobel qveynebTan (sparseTi, TurqeTi, somxeTi, azerbaijani)<br />

mWidro kulturuli urTierTobisa da qalaqis mosaxleobis erovnuli siWrelis gamo. spar–<br />

suli yofiT gatacebuli gamahmadianebuli qarTveli didgvarovanni aRmosavleTis Semsuleb–<br />

lebis xelovnebiT eziarnen maT kulturas, Tumca gamoricxuli arc aRmosavluri hangebis<br />

iZulebiTi gavrceleba iqneboda CvenSi. aSuRuri musikis popularoba yvelaze metad XVIII<br />

saukunis meore naxevarSi SeigrZnoba. am periodTan aris dakavSirebuli ganTqmuli aSuRe–<br />

bis _ saiaTnovas, SamCi-melqos, saTaras, haziras saxelebi.<br />

qarTuli glexuri lirikul-satrfialo simRerebis teqstebi mxatvrul saxeTa daxve–<br />

wilobiT, amaRlebulobiT, kdemamosilebiT gamoiCreva, qalaqur erTxmian simRerebSi ki mi–<br />

wieri siyvarulis meti Tavisufleba da erTgvari erotizmic gamosWvivis (SayulaSvili, 1987:<br />

58) (mag.: me Sens tuCebs davakvdebi, ar gakoco, ar iqneba, lamazo qalo). mdare poeturi safu–<br />

Zvlisa da zogjer frivoluri Sinaarsis mq<strong>on</strong>e (paraxodi, qvrivo) calkeuli nimuSebi, rogo–<br />

ricaa loTebo, muxambazi, kekeljan, avar, avar, aStraxanis gzaze, mSvenieri var, gasarTob sa–<br />

laRobo simRerebs warmoadgenen.<br />

aSuRuri m<strong>on</strong>of<strong>on</strong>uri vokaluri Semoqmedeba improvizaciulia, Tumca misi Sesrulebis<br />

improvizaciuli manera mkacradaa reglamentirebuli TaobaTa Tu SemsrulebelTa tradici–<br />

ul gamocdilebaze damyarebuli mxatvruli kan<strong>on</strong>iT. aSuRuri vokaluri erTxmianobis erTerT<br />

musikalur stilistur maxasiaTebels gadidebuli sekunda warmoadgens, Tumca es uka–<br />

naskneli srulebiTac araa aRmosavlurobis ganmsazRvreli elementi. cnobilia, rom gadi–<br />

debuli sekunda soflur folklorSic iCens Tavs (mSveliZe, 1970: 5). aseve aRsaniSnavia sxva<br />

SemoqmedebiT-mxatvrul aspeqtSi misi gamoyenebis SemTxvevebic rusuli Tu evropuli musikis<br />

sferoebSi, rac yovelTvis orientalurobiT rodia ganpirobebuli. erTxmian simReraTa faq–<br />

tura gamdidrebulia melizmatikiT, magram melodiuri ornamentikis xerxebi ar warmoadgens<br />

qarTuli vokaluri azrovnebisaTvis ucxo elements. sakmarisia davasaxeloT urmulebi Tu<br />

orovelebi, guruli krimanWuliani simRerebi.<br />

qalaquri simReris meore Stos warmoSoba SedarebiT ufro gviandel periods ukavSir–<br />

deba. mis formirebaSic mniSvnelovania ucxouri musikis roli. aRniSnul wyebas ganekuTv–<br />

nebian simRerebi, damyarebulni rusuli sayofacxovrebo romansisa da gansakuTrebiT ita–<br />

liuri saopero, Tu neapoluri saromanso Semoqmedebis melodi-harm<strong>on</strong>iis safuZvelze. maTi<br />

gamaerTianebeli niSnebi ganisazRvreba klasikuri harm<strong>on</strong>iis, t<strong>on</strong>ika-subdominanta-dominan–<br />

turi funqciebis gabat<strong>on</strong>ebiT, terciuli paralelizmebis siWarbiT, mkafiod Camoyalibebuli<br />

metro-ritmuli struqturiT, mravalxmiani wyobiT.<br />

me-19 saukunidan axali periodi iwyeba qalaquri musikis ganviTarebaSi. es ukanaskneli, erTi<br />

mxriv, CvenSi evropuli civilizaciis Semosvlas, xolo meore mxriv, qarTuli romantizmis<br />

ayvavebas ukavSirdeba. aRniSnuli faqti ganpirobebuli iyo ruseT-saqarTvelos urTier–<br />

TobebTan dakavSirebuli politikur-istoriuli ZvrebiT. aseT viTarebaSi rusul-evropul–<br />

ma kulturam, rasakvirvelia, Tavisi kvali gaavlo aSuRur xelovnebaze. amave dros Sem–<br />

zadda niadagi qalaquri simReris axali nakadis warmoqmnisaTvis (audiomag. 3).<br />

gasuli saukunis Tbilisis musikaluri cxovreba didi nairferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. imdro–<br />

indel musikalur panoramas axasiaTebda a. puSkinis megobari sevastianovi; poetis pativsa–<br />

87

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