The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

377
ekaterine oniani (saqarTvelo)
qarTuli galobis mravalxmianobis sakiTxisaTvis
saqarTveloSi saeklesio galobis damkvidrebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi
erTi varaudis garSemo koncetrirdeba, kerZod: `Zvelad qarTvelni galobden berZnulisa
xmiTa~ (batoniSvili, 1991: 524), anu saqarTveloSi qristianuli RvTismsaxureba da masTan
dakavSirebuli galobac bizantiidan Semovida: `da... waravlinna mociqulni saberZneTad mi–
rian mefeman winaSe konstantine berZenT mefisa... da iTxovnes moswrafebiT mRdelni naTlis–
RebisaTvis... da erTsaxed naTeliRes yovelman erman da simravleman qarTlsaman~ _ gvamcnobs
leonti mroveli (mroveli, 1987: 93-98). amis Semdgom qristianoba gaxda ganmsazRvreli qarT–
velobisa da daucxromlad ugalobda qarTveli eri Semoqmeds. sagalobelni, Tqmulni suli–
wmidis madliT aRvsili Rirsi mamebis mier, TviT uflis madliTa da SewevniT, vrceldeboda
qristes eklesiaSi da saukuneebs gadaecemoda. SeuZlebeli iyo eklesiis mier kanonizebuli
hangis TviTneburi Secvla: „da uwyoden ese yovelTa, viTarmed wmidaTa mamaTa TargmanTa
CuenTa: raica ganawess xma galobisa, nuravin hscualebs mas“ (suxiaSvili, 2002: 13). kanonikuri
hangis mniSvneloba kargad esmodaT mgaloblebs, romelnic namdvili kilos (rogorc uwo–
debdnen kanonikur hangs) xelyofas galobis dakargvis tolfasad miiCnevdnen.
bizantiidan RvTismsaxurebasTan erTad Semosul galobas qarTlSi maRalganviTarebuli
erovnuli musikaluri kultura daxvda da saqarTveloSi galobis damkvidrebis Semdgomi
etapi bizantiuri hangis erovnul musikalur cnobierebasTan Serwymis gziT warimarTa. swo–
red erovnuli musikaluri cnobierebis niadagze SeiZina qarTulma galobam misi maxasia–
Tebeli mravalxmianoba, ise rom, ar dakarga galobis kanonikuri Ziri.
qarTuli galobis mravalxmiani buneba, erTi SexedviT, winaaRmdegobaSi modis pirvel–
sawyisi bizantiuri galobis kanonzomierebasTan. cnobilia, rom bizantiuri galoba aris
erTxmiani, unisonuri, unisonuri galoba ki, wminda mamebis mier, rwmenaSi erTobis gamovle–
nad miiCneoda da igi simbolos rangSi iyo ayvanili, rogorc erTiTa piriTa da erTiTa guliTa
RvTis dideba. rogor xorcieldeba qristianuli rwmenis es mTavari arsi mravalxmian ga–
lobaSi da, pirvel yovlisa, galobisTvis SerCeul mravalxmianobis formaSi?
qarTuli xalxuri simRera polifoniuri formebis uaRresi mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva da
marTlac farTo arCevani iyo bizantiuri monodiis gamravalxmovanebisaTvis. galobis swavle–
bis pirveli saswavlebeli xmebis safexuri, sadac, galobis uZvelesi Srea asaxuli (SuRli–
aSvili, 2001: 104) gviCvenebs qarTveli eris arCevans galobis nacionalur yaidaze gadawyobis
adreul etapze. SemTxveviTi araa, rom es etapi xasiaTdeba paralelizmiT, paraleluri xmaTa–
svla, heterofonuri faqturis erT-erTi gamovlena, monodiuri da gansxvavebul-melodiuri
faqturis Sualedur saxes warmoadgens (aruTinovi-jinWaraZe, 2010: 15) da mkvlevarTa azriT, mra–
valxmianobis kompoziciur principTgan yvelaze axlos dgas erTxmianobasTan (gabisonia, 2009:
82) 1 . xmaTa intervaluri Sefardeba ki Semdegia: mTqmels (I xma), romelSic davanebulia swored
kanonikuri hangi, mgalobelTa upirvelesi zrunvis sagani, moZaxili (II xma) miyveba kvintebiT,
bani ki oqtavebiT. sada kilos, anu umaRlesad kanonierad cnobil, miRebul da damtkicebul