The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...
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The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ... The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

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354 ana piotrovska iseT istoriul midgomasTan, romelic uaryofda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis socialur konteqsts da amjobinebda yuradRebis gamaxvilebas CaweriT dafiqsirebul wyaroebze, musi– kaluri `teqstis~ analizze. am mecnierebis interesi mimarTuli iyo notirebuli da ara wminda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis savaraudo ganviTarebis procesebis upiratesobaze da amas aRiqvamda individualuri, damoukidebeli xelovnebis nimuSis prizmaSi. virtuozisaTvis nawarmoebis avtorad aRiarebas bevrad naklebi mniSvneloba hqonda. igi upiratesobas aniWebda musikis Seqmnis process uSualod Sesrulebis dros. improvizacia moicavda repertuaris mTels diapazons, romelic musikologebis mowonebas ar imsaxurebda, vinaidan nawarmoebis efeqturoba, rogorc wesi, damokidebuli iyo `Sesrulebis adgilze, msmenelsa da SesrulebasTan dakavSirebul viTarebaze~ (Randal, 1992: 16). improvizacia gamiz– nuli iyo mimdinare momentis realurad gancdis iluziis Seqmnaze. wminda virtuozuli Se– saZleblobebi xels uwyobda im emociuri muxtis SenarCunebas, romelic Tan axlda impro– vizaciul Sesrulebas. improvizaciis brwyinvaleba da energia TiTqos emociebs Semsru– leblisagan msmenels gadascemda. improvizaciuli SesrulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli musi– kaluri Txrobis tipi stimulirebas uwevda emociaTa farTo speqtrs. Sesabamisad, Sesru– lebis improvizaciulma stilma Seqmna Tavisi sakuTari musikaluri dramaturgia. ali jihad rasis gansazRvrebiT, improvizacias axasiaTebs TaviseburebaTa mTeli rigi, rogoricaa: intuitiuroba, praqtikaze aqcentireba (praqtikuli aspeqtebi), kreatiuloba, personalizacia (individualizacia), STagoneba, siZliere, specifikuri musikaluri kilokavebi, balansi Zvels, kargad nacnobsa da axals Soris, auditoriasTan pirdapiri kontaqti, mistikuri da emociuri transcendentuloba, silaRe, da bolos, bunebrivoba (Racy, 2000: 304-307). msgavsive SeniSvnebi: virtuozuloba, emociuroba da improvizaciuloba vrclad gamoiyeneboda boSur musikasTan mimarTebaSi da ukavSirdeboda mis aRqmas evropuli kulturis mier. magaliTad, evropeli inteleqtualebi boSur musikas ganixilavdnen, rogorc metad emociurs, melanqoliursa da, amave dros, sixaruliT savses. XIX saukuneSi koncertze improvizaciis Sesruleba savaldebulodac ki iTvleboda. ma– galiTad, axalgazrda listma parizSi gadasvlis Semdeg popularoba imiTac moixveWa, rom auditoriam igi aRiara rogorc virtuozi, romelsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo improvizaciis Sesruleba Subertis simRerebis, Sopenisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebis Temebze (Bekker, 1936: 277). listis safortepiano musika scildeba instrumentis SesaZleblobebs, xSirad vxvdebiT sxva instrumentebis JReradobis imitirebas, maT Soris iseTebisac, romlebic Cveulebriv ukav– Sirdeboda boSur musikas. es aris ara mxolod violino, aramed, aseve ungruli cimbalebi (cimbalom). Tumca, maleve, rogorc aRniSnavs leon botsteini `listis ukmayofileba vir– tuozis karieriT solo SemsruleblobiT Sinagani gatacebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan Seu– fereblobis Sedegi iyo. mas miaCnda, rom es iyo xelovanis umaRlesi mowodeba da aviTarebda sazogadoebis axlebur gemovnebas~ (Botstein, 2006: 544). virtuozebs adanaSaulebdnen imaSi, rom maT sazogadoebis yuradReba nawarmoebis arsidan emociaze gadahqondaT: Tumca, listisTvis, kompozicia iwyeba swored iq, sadac mTavrdeba improvizacia. listma gaaerTiana mravalricxovani musikaluri motivebi, musikaluri kompo– zicia improvizaciiT gaamdidra da erT mniSvnelovan melodiaze fokusirebiT gaamTliana nawarmoebi. igi ar erideboda ganmeorebebsa da gadaxrebs. struqturuli logika mihyveboda im istoriul traeqtorias, romelic TiTqos improvizaciis ganviTarebis gzas asaxavda.

e. w. boSuri musikis idea da improvizaciis problema 355 botSteini aRniSnavs, rom listisaTvis musikaluri kompozicia `dakavSirebulia musika– lur movlenasTan, rogorc SemsruleblobiT gancdasTan~ (Botstein, 2006: 555). musikaluri idea, ungruli Zigeunerkapellen_dan kargad nacnobi improvizaciis msgavsad, listisaTvis iyo wuTie– ri gancda, romelsac axasiaTebda ali jihad rasis mier zustad CamoTvlili faqtorebi. imp– rovizaciisas musikaluri nawarmoebis Canafiqri gansxvavebuli iyo imisagan, rasac ganaT– lebuli, kompoziciis kanonebs mijaWvuli profesionali musikosi akTebda. cocxlad mJRe– ri, Sesrulebis procesSi Seqmnili, improvizaciiT STagonebuli musikaluri nawarmoebi mowodebuli iyo gamoexata is, risi gamoxatvac SeuZlebeli iyo. es iyo mcdeloba wuTieri emociebis Caweril teqstSi warmosaxvisa _ erTgvari kompromisi diletantsa da profesio– nal xelovans Soris, ori sapirispiro sawyisis Serwymis mcdeloba, survili improvizaci– ulobis idealis SenarCunebisa, Cawerili musikaluri nawarmoebis maRali statusis aRia– rebasTan erTad. listma marTlac moaxerxa is, rom improvizacia notebiT Caweril kompoziciad eqcia. es transformacia, albaT, imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom listi advilad iRebda XIX saukunis ideebs da, amasTanave, germanuli da franguli presis aqtiuri mkiTxvelic iyo. botSteini aRniSnavs listis imitaciisa da transformaciis unars da miiCnevs, rom kompozitori iTa– visebs romantizmis tendenciebs da axerxebs `maTi sazRvrebis gafarToebas~ (Botstein, 2006: 519). miaCndaT, rom boSur tradicias unari hqonda, gamoexata is, risi gamoxatvac SeuZlebeli iyo. david malvini 2004 wels gamocemul wignSi boSaTa qaravani: realuri boSebidan (Roma) warmosaxviT boSebamde (Gypsies) dasavlur musikasa da kinoSi wers: `boSuri musika, ise, ro– gorc igi esmoda listsa da sxvebs XIX saukuneSi, ar aris mxolod musikaluri stili an egzoticizmi (germanul-centristuli Tvalsazrisi), aramed aris musikis komunikaciuri ar– sis gacnobiereba; sxvadasxvagvarad warmoCenili, igi xdeba musikaluri gamoxatvis is Zala, romelsac SeuZlia msmenelebis `vnebiTi~ grZnobebis gamoxatva~ (Malvinni, 2004: IX). romantikulma warmodgenam boSa musikosis Sesaxeb gavlena moaxdina sazogadoebis mier improvizatori musikosis aRqmaze da xeli Seuwyo im Tvalsazrisis gaZlierebas, romelic ugulebelyofda improvizaciis unars, rogorc instrumentalistis niWis amosavals. musi– kalur wreebSi notirebuli musikisa da ganaTlebuli profesionalebis upiratesoba ar ga– moricxavda improvizaciul praqtikisaTvis damaxasiaTebel emociur faqtorebsac: am epoqis ramdenime cnobili kompozitori (listi, bramsi), boSuri musikis gavleniT, Riad aRiarebdnen iseT gamowvevas, romelic, erTi SexedviT, SeuZlebeli Canda – sakompozicio kanonebisa da improvizaciis SeuTavsebeli elementebis SeerTebas. Targmna irina fircxalavam

354<br />

ana piotrovska<br />

iseT istoriul midgomasTan, romelic uaryofda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis socialur<br />

k<strong>on</strong>teqsts da amjobinebda yuradRebis gamaxvilebas CaweriT dafiqsirebul wyaroebze, musi–<br />

kaluri `teqstis~ analizze. am mecnierebis interesi mimarTuli iyo notirebuli da ara<br />

wminda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis savaraudo ganviTarebis procesebis upiratesobaze da<br />

amas aRiqvamda individualuri, damoukidebeli xelovnebis nimuSis prizmaSi.<br />

virtuozisaTvis nawarmoebis avtorad aRiarebas bevrad naklebi mniSvneloba hq<strong>on</strong>da. igi<br />

upiratesobas aniWebda musikis Seqmnis process uSualod Sesrulebis dros. improvizacia<br />

moicavda repertuaris mTels diapaz<strong>on</strong>s, romelic musikologebis mow<strong>on</strong>ebas ar imsaxurebda,<br />

vinaidan nawarmoebis efeqturoba, rogorc wesi, damokidebuli iyo `Sesrulebis adgilze,<br />

msmenelsa da SesrulebasTan dakavSirebul viTarebaze~ (Randal, 1992: 16). improvizacia gamiz–<br />

nuli iyo mimdinare momentis realurad gancdis iluziis Seqmnaze. wminda virtuozuli Se–<br />

saZleblobebi xels uwyobda im emociuri muxtis SenarCunebas, romelic Tan axlda impro–<br />

vizaciul Sesrulebas. improvizaciis brwyinvaleba da energia TiTqos emociebs Semsru–<br />

leblisagan msmenels gadascemda. improvizaciuli SesrulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli musi–<br />

kaluri Txrobis tipi stimulirebas uwevda emociaTa farTo speqtrs. Sesabamisad, Sesru–<br />

lebis improvizaciulma stilma Seqmna Tavisi sakuTari musikaluri dramaturgia. ali jihad<br />

rasis gansazRvrebiT, improvizacias axasiaTebs TaviseburebaTa mTeli rigi, rogoricaa:<br />

intuitiuroba, praqtikaze aqcentireba (praqtikuli aspeqtebi), kreatiuloba, pers<strong>on</strong>alizacia<br />

(individualizacia), STag<strong>on</strong>eba, siZliere, specifikuri musikaluri kilokavebi, balansi Zvels,<br />

kargad nacnobsa da axals Soris, auditoriasTan pirdapiri k<strong>on</strong>taqti, mistikuri da emociuri<br />

transcendentuloba, silaRe, da bolos, bunebrivoba (Racy, 2000: 304-307). msgavsive SeniSvnebi:<br />

virtuozuloba, emociuroba da improvizaciuloba vrclad gamoiyeneboda boSur musikasTan<br />

mimarTebaSi da ukavSirdeboda mis aRqmas evropuli kulturis mier. magaliTad, evropeli<br />

inteleqtualebi boSur musikas ganixilavdnen, rogorc metad emociurs, melanqoliursa da,<br />

amave dros, sixaruliT savses.<br />

XIX saukuneSi k<strong>on</strong>certze improvizaciis Sesruleba savaldebulodac ki iTvleboda. ma–<br />

galiTad, axalgazrda listma parizSi gadasvlis Semdeg popularoba imiTac moixveWa, rom<br />

auditoriam igi aRiara rogorc virtuozi, romelsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo improvizaciis<br />

Sesruleba Subertis simRerebis, Sopenisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebis Temebze (Bekker, 1936: 277).<br />

listis safortepiano musika scildeba instrumentis SesaZleblobebs, xSirad vxvdebiT sxva<br />

instrumentebis JReradobis imitirebas, maT Soris iseTebisac, romlebic Cveulebriv ukav–<br />

Sirdeboda boSur musikas. es aris ara mxolod violino, aramed, aseve ungruli cimbalebi<br />

(cimbalom). Tumca, maleve, rogorc aRniSnavs le<strong>on</strong> botsteini `listis ukmayofileba vir–<br />

tuozis karieriT solo SemsruleblobiT Sinagani gatacebis Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan Seu–<br />

fereblobis Sedegi iyo. mas miaCnda, rom es iyo xelovanis umaRlesi mowodeba da aviTarebda<br />

sazogadoebis axlebur gemovnebas~ (Botstein, 2006: 544).<br />

virtuozebs adanaSaulebdnen imaSi, rom maT sazogadoebis yuradReba nawarmoebis arsidan<br />

emociaze gadahq<strong>on</strong>daT: Tumca, listisTvis, kompozicia iwyeba swored iq, sadac mTavrdeba<br />

improvizacia. listma gaaerTiana mravalricxovani musikaluri motivebi, musikaluri kompo–<br />

zicia improvizaciiT gaamdidra da erT mniSvnelovan melodiaze fokusirebiT gaamTliana<br />

nawarmoebi. igi ar erideboda ganmeorebebsa da gadaxrebs. struqturuli logika mihyveboda<br />

im istoriul traeqtorias, romelic TiTqos improvizaciis ganviTarebis gzas asaxavda.

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