The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

352
ana piotrovska
tradicia grZeldeboda XIX saukunis dasawyisamde, rodesac virtuozebis saSemsruleblo
xelovnebis umTavresi sayrdeni swored improvizacia gaxda. amdenad, XIX saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi improvizaciuloba instrumentalistis aucilebel Tvisebas warmoadgenda. mis po–
pularobaze metyvelebs mravali saxelmZRvanelo, romelic eZRvneba improvizaciulobis praq–
tikas. maT Sorisaa Cernis safortepiano fantaziebis sistemuri gzamkvlevi (Systematisches
Aanleitung zum Fantasieren auf die Pianoforte, Czerny, 1829) an kalkbreneris saxelmZRvaneloebi (Kalkbre–
nner, 1849).
amave dros, rogorc ukve iTqva, XIX saukunis dasawyisSi (1800-1830) ukve icvleboda im
musikosTa statusi, romelTac TavianTi saSemsruleblo xelovnebis mwvervals XIX saukunis
Sua wlebSi miaRwies. diletantizmis popularoba daupirispirda musikosis, rogorc profe–
sionalis statuss. sabolood, diletantebs Caenacvlnen ganswavluli artistebi, Tumca,
1830-1848 wlebSi yuradRebis centrSi mainc virtuozis figura iyo, romelic aerTianebda
profesiulsa da samoyvarulo Semsruleblobas, rac didad iyo gavrcelebuli evropul
musikalur cxovrebaSi. virtuozebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dawyebasTan erTad Seiqmna gark–
veuli warmodgena maTze, rogorc usaxlkaro ucnobebze. es axlos aRmoCnda im warmod–
genasTan, romelic Tavisufali, moxetiale boSebis Sesaxeb arsebobda. mudmiv mogzaurobaSi
myofi virtuozi, mravali TvalsazrisiT, gaigivebuli iyo boSasTan, romelic `uimedod
iyo mowyvetili sakuTar fesvebs~ (Gooley, 2006: 89). virtuozis orazrovani pozicia, romelic
profesionalisa da moyvarulis statuss Soris meryeobda, iwvevda iseTi tipis asociaciebs,
rogoricaa moxetiale da improvizatori boSa, xSirad TviTnaswavli da gaunaTlebeli,
romelic aRiqmeboda, rogorc mxolod cnobili diletanti da sxva araferi.
virtuozulobasTan brZolis erT-erTi mTavari Zala musikaluri Jurnalistika iyo.
1870-iani wlebidan virtuozulobas axasiaTebdnen `iseTi zedsarTavi saxelebiT, rogoricaa
iaffasiani, zedapiruli, aragulwrfeli da vulgaruli~ (Gooley, 2006: 105). Tumca, unda iTq–
vas, rom XIX saukunis evropul presaSi boSuri musika metad iSviaTad xvdeboda. am sakiT–
xisadmi miZRvnili zogierTi statia metyvelebs imaze, rom ZiriTadad meordeboda arsebuli
stereotipuli warmodgenebi, romlebic amozrdili iyo jorj borousa (George Borrow) da,
umeteswilad, listis wignebidan. 1871 wels ingliselma avtorma h. r. hevisma (H.R. Haweis)
ganacxada, rom `adamianis namuSevari misi xasiaTis WeSmariti indeqsiao~ (Haweis, 1912: 84).
aRniSnavdnen, rom boSebs ar SeswevdaT unari notebze CaeweraT TavianTi musika. evro–
pelebis azriT, stereotipebis mZime tvirTma boSebs xeli SeuSala kompoziciis unaris gan–
viTarebaSi. boSebis umTavres maxasiaTeblad mxolod virtuozulobas aRiarebdnen, rac ga–
moixateboda improvizaciulobaSi da xazs usvamda maTi bunebis negatiur aspeqtebs. am ten–
denciis Sedegad acxadebdnen, rom `eTika damokidebulia xelovanze da ara xelovnebaze~ (Ha–
weis, 1912: 38). Sedegad, improvizacia ganixileboda, rogorc pirvelyofili kulturebis (maT
Soris, boSuris) gamoxatuleba da evropis inteleqtualur wreebSi sruliad ugulebelyves.
Sesabamisad, improvizaciulma praqtikam, romelic XIX saukunis I naxevarSi miRebuli iyo da
aviTarebdnen, dakarga popularoba.
Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare, improvizacia musikis Teoriis savaldebulo wesebs yo–
velTvis ar icavs da arc kompoziciis kanonebs eqvemdebareba. ukve 1840-ian wlebSi, yvela
SemsruleblisaTvis, romelTac profesionalizmze hqondaT pretenzia, aucilebeli gaxda
am kanonebisa da wesebis srulyofili codna (Gooley, 2006: 84). aqcenti keTdeboda musikalur