The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

litvuri da ainuri vokaluri polifoni: zogierTi paraleli
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erTi iwyebs Cabervas, meore _ mihyveba; erTi _ `ambobs~, meore _ `pasuxobs~ 29 . `devnis~ kanonu–
ri principi aseve axasiaTebs samxreT ruseTis mravalReriani salamuris kugiklis (kugikli)
dakvris tradicias. `isini, vinc Caberaven, miyvebian maT, vinc ukravs 5-Rerian salamurze da
romlebic naxevari nabijiT ukan CamorCebian. maTi sunTqva upirispirdeba mTavari Camberebis
sunTqvas~ (Величкина, 1993: 80). analogiuri principi SeimCneva afrikul musikaSic, magaliTad
ugandaSi (aRmosavleT afrika) qsilofonze dakvra xdeba Semdegi principiT: meore musikosi
Sedis pirvelisgan `naxevari nabijis SeyovnebiT~ (Kubik, 1988: 28) 30 . gadajvaredinebuli rit–
mikis (kreutzrhytmik) es principi afrikaSi axasiaTebs rogorc dasartyam, ise Casaber instru–
mentebze dakvras, zogjer mRerasac 31 .
am ukanaskneli SemTxvevebidan Cans, rom kanonis gamovlinebebi (`mudmivi devna~, `ufro–
sisgan~ swavla da sxv.) axdenen sxvadasxva polifoniuri xmis organizebas mraval polifo–
niur tradiciaSi, e.i. asruleben maTi koordinirebis funqcias (Tumca, es ukanaskneli ar Se–
esatyviseba Tanamedrove kanonis, rogorc polifoniuri musikis formis, koncefcias). unda
iTqvas, rom sawyisi imitaciis principi (ganmeoreba, ufrosis mibaZva, myisiereba) aris nebis–
mieri qmedebis (laparakis, muSaobis, cekvis, simReris, instrumentze dakvrisa da sxv.) swav–
lis universaluri saSualeba.
bevr eTnomusikologs miaCnia, rom kanoni polifoniis erTerTi yvelaze Zveli formaa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom is gansakuTrebulad iSviaTi movlenaa CineTis, afrikis, indoneziisa da
okeaniisTvis. miiCneven, rom polifoniis arqauli formebi odesRac ufro gavrcelebuli
iyo, magram Semdeg moxda maTi lokalizacia evropis gavlenisagan daSorebul regionebSi.
gansakuTrebul gakvirvebas iwvevs is, rom geografiulad daSorebul yvela regions aer–
Tianebs saerTo polifoniuri principebi. rogorc p. koleri (Collaer) ambobs isini gvafiqr–
ebineben, rom sxvadasxva erebis musikaluri azrovnebis Camoyalibeba erTdroulad moxda
(Collaer, 1960: 52).
amasTan, ucnauria, rom kanonis (imitaciuri) principebis koncentrireba moxda erTma–
neTisgan Zalian daSorebuli litvisa da ainebis polifoniur tradiciebSi. garda amisa,
orive tradiciaSi arsebobda polifoniuri simRerebis Sesrulebis profesiuli TvalTaxedva
– veravin (miuxedavd niWisa) SesZlo am xelovnebaSi fexis mokideba. sinamdvileSi, litvur
tradiciaSi arsebobs Canawerebi, rom `Zvelad yvelgan mxolod sutartinesi ismoda~ da
`yanebic sutartiness pasuxobdnen~. es, TiTqosda amtkicebs, rom sutartinesi farTod iyo
gavrcelebuli (yvela mReroda). TviTon momRerlebi amboben, rom erTad mRerodnen mxolod
erTi ojaxis wevrebi da axlo mezoblebi, romlebmac simRera bavSvobidan erTad daiwyes.
mRerodnen or-orad, sam-samad an oTxad anu patara harmoniul jgufebad. rogorc Cans, igives
Tqma SeiZleba ainebis tradiciis Sesaxebac. rogorc forlivezi ambobs `ainebis patara po–
lifoniuri nimuSis Semsrulebels sWirdeba Sesabamisi gamocdileba da profesionalizmi;
amis unari yvelas ar Seswevs. es musikaluri Janri uaryofs Tvalsazriss, rom ainebis mu–
sikis Sesruleba nebismier msurvels SeuZlia: piriqiT, is amyarebs Teorias, rom ainebi
aRiarebdnen musikis niWsa da ganaTlebas~ (Forlivesi, 2004: 82).
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom litvur da ainebis musikalur tradiciebSi imitaciis
principi moicavs ara marto pirvelyofili poeziisa da arqauli musikis sferoebs, aramed
aseve moiazrebs sivrcis koncefcias. kanoni (imitacia) aris ara marto mTavari musikaluri
forma, aramed samyarosadmi damokidebulebis nawilic. orive tradiciaSi is dakavSirebulia