The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

`usityvo~ mravalxmianoba qarTul tradiciul musikaSi
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zogadad, xuTi xmovnidan yvelaze iSviaTia u xmovani, Tumca krimanWulis xmaSi igi me–
tad xSirad gvxvdeba da i xmovanTan erTad, rogorc wesi, zeda, kriniT samReri bgeris aRebi–
sas gamoiyeneba. aseve xSiria afxazur (da nawilobriv megrul) simRerebSi, Tumca aq, xSir
SemTxvevaSi, ara xmovani u, aramed naxevarxmovani u unda igulisxmebodes.
gamoyenebadi TanxmovnebiT warmoebuli asemantikuri marclebi da maTi kombinaciebi
sxvadasxva jgufad da kategoriad SegviZlia davyoT. kerZod:
1. dialeqturi – damaxasiaTebeli mxolod calkeuli dialeqtisTvis (mag.: arxalalo –
qarTl-kaxeTi, Samarera _ svaneTi, vosaraOda – samegrelo, evrida – aWara, uaraOdara _ afxa–
zeTi);
2. calkeuli Janri-saxeobis _ (hegi oga – mkis, odoia – Sromis);
3. calkeuli xmis (iao uao, iriaho uruaho – krimaWuli; he va hemva hea – bani; rimtiri ri–
ravo – gamyivani, wrili; o – Semxmobari);
4. saerTo – romelic saerToa wina punqtebisTvis (delia, abarera, ranina, haralo...).
e. w. `usityvo~ simRerebis saTaurad xSirad is asemantikuri sityva aris mocemuli, rom–
liTac iwyeba simRera, an romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba masSi.
Tumca, zog SemTxvevaSi, sityvieri teqstis ararsebobis miuxedavad, simRera semantikuri
sityviT aris dasaTaurebuli, riTac misi funqcia da Janri aris gansazRvruli. mag.: guruli,
aWaruli mayruli (axobaZe, 1961: 138, 140), megruli obargali (margvlisa) (WoxoneliZe, 2003:
41), svanuri mgzavruli (axobaZe, 1957: 46), afxazuri samonadireo (Ахобадзе, 1957: 214) da sxv.
sainteresoa piriqiTi movlenac: zogierT im simReras, romelic uTuod sityvieri teqstiT
sruldeba, saxelad mainc simReraSi Semxvedr asemantikur sityvas uwodeben. mag.: guruli in–
di-mindi (veSapiZe, 2006: 180), ai da odelia (veSapiZe, 2006: 151), megruli voisa (CijavaZe, 1974:
144), aWaruli ornano (axobaZe, 1961: 169), svanuri raidio (axobaZe, 1957: 107), afxazuri uaridada
(Ахобадзе, 1957: 224) da sxv.
sagulisxmoa is arc Tu iSviaTi SemTxvevebi, roca simReraSi teqstis arsebobis miuxe–
davad, pirveli kupleti mainc `usityvebod~, glosolaliebiT sruldeba. SesaZloa gvefiqra,
rom es kupleti Sesavlis funqcias asrulebs, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi, kompoziciurad
metad mniSvnelovani da Semdeg kupletebze aranaklebi funqciis matarebelia pirveli, `usity–
vo~ kupleti.
Cveni dakvirvebis sferoSi moxvedrili simRerebis diferencireba Semdegi saxiT SegviZ–
lia:
I. uteqsto (mTlianad asemantikur sityvebze agebuli simRerebi);
II. nominalur teqstiani (nimuSebi, romelSic teqsti mxolod fragmentis saxiT, mcire
odenobiT aris warmodgenili);
III. Sereuli (nimuSebi, romelSic teqstis srulad arsebobis miuxedavad, glosolaliur
monakveTebs mniSvnelovani kompoziciuri adgili ukavia);
IV. namatmarcvliani (nimuSebi, romlis teqstis calkeul sityvebSi Camatebuli asemanti–
kuri marcvlebi gvxvdeba).
am klasifikaciis III da IV tipis nimuSebi qarTul saeklesio musikaSic arsebobs. aq
upirvelesad e. w. Wrel galobaze unda SevCerdeT. erT-erTi ganmartebis mixedviT, Wrelad
iwodeba iseTi `galoba, romelSic sityvebi cotaa, xolo melodia grZeli da nairnairi~
(SaraSiZe, 1938). swored am tipis galobaSi arsebobda glosolaliaTa aqtiurad gamoyenebis