The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...
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The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ... The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

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212 gerald florian mesneri mosaxldnen sxva xalxebi, romelTa Soris iyvnen mebrZoli da agresiuli centraluri azi– is xunZebi (Avars, avarelebi) da SedarebiT mSvidobiani slavebi. aq dasaxlebuli slavuri tomebi Camovidnen daaxloebiT Cveni welTaRricxvis 550 wels. isini iyvnen slovenebi (Slo– venci, arsebobs sxva dasaxelebebic). isini gamoeqcnen xunZebs da, sabolood, bavarielebis daxmarebiT gadarCnen. dResdReobiT, aq gamoyenebul adgilobriv enas Tu gamovikvlevT, Cven vipoviT sityvebs da sityvis fuZeebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba arqaul slavonurs da bavariuls, agreTve Zvel keltur lingvistur Zirebs. karinTiaSi gavrcelebuli musikaluri stili aris vokaluri polifoniuri musika. ga– moiyofa simReris sami ZiriTadi kategoria: saweso simRerebi, Tanzboden (sacekvao moednis) simRerebi da gasarTobi simRerebi. or-, sam- da zogjer oTxxmiani saweso simRerebi srul– deba gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis dros, wlis religiuri sezonis ganmavlobaSi, Tanzboden simRerebi, rogoricaa G’stanzeln (germanizebuli italiuri sityva, romlis fuZea stanza, rac niSnavs leqss, strofs) sruldeba qorwinebis, sakarnavalo festivalebis, axali wlisa da sxva saxis Sekrebebze. am responsoruli simRerebis teqstebi spontanuradaa Seqmnili da Sed– geba daaxloebiT 10-13 marcvliani taepisgan. es iumoristuli an ironiuli leqsebi sruldeba cnobil, martiv melodiaze leqsebis avtoris mier. mas mohyveba saerTo mravalxmiani sim– Rera, romelic pasuxobs 10-marcvlian abarakadabras. sawesCveulebo da Tanzboden simRerebs gasarTobi simRerebisgan ganasxvavebs metri (xSi– rad, orwiladi, xandaxan samwiladi), rac Zalian mkafioa da, ra Tqma unda, sityvieri teqs– ti. simRerebi aris neli, umetesad, samwiladi metriT da sruldeba Tavisufali maneriT, bev– ri rubatoTi. zogjer simReris safuZvelSi arsebuli metri, romelic miTiTebulia teqs– tSi, bundovani da TiTqmis Seucnobelia, ris gamoc simRerebis transkripciisas zogierTi eTnomusikologi mas arasworad aRniSnavs. zogjer isini iZlevian rTul zomebs, romlebic sinamdvileSi arasworia. es simRerebi, umetesad, sxvadasxva saxis sasiyvarulo da samij– nuro simRerebia, romlebSic poeturadaa asaxuli sasiyvarulo Temis variaciebi an cxovre– biseuli siamovneba da gaWirveba. bolo asi wlis ganmavlobaSi gasarTobi simRerebi metadaa gavrcelebuli. maTi yvelaze daxvewili, srulyofili da saintereso saxea originalurad improviza– ciuli oTx- da xuTxmiani simRerebi. xuTxmian simReras asrulebdnen kacebi, magram Semdeg es Seicvala da axla miRebulia misi Sesruleba mamakacTa da qalTa Sereuli Semadgenlo– biT, radgan maRali falcetis anu kontrtenoris praqtika TandaTan daikarga. mas amJamad cvlis qali (Stajnar, 2000: 92). es iSviaTi, oTx- da gansakuTrebiT xuTxmiani simReris stili, romelic zogierT mezobel regionSi TandaTanobiT daviwyebas eZleva, aq kvlav ganagrZobs arsebobas. igi cocxlobs agreTve samxreT tirolSi (South Tyrol), romelic dRes italiis nawilia (Deutsch, 2000: 27-38). oTx- da xuTxmiani improvizaciebi asaxavs polifoniuri Sesru– lebis stils, sadac xmebi Semofarglaven mTavar melodias, Sesrulebuls solistis, umete– sad baritonis mier. qalebi umetesad asruleben or-, samxmian simReras. oTx- da xuTxmiani stili Tavisi Seulaxavi formiT aRar arsebobs, magram igi dasturdeba Zvel CanawerebSi da werilobiT wyaroebSi, rac miuTiTebs Zlier msgavsebaze Zvel musikasTan, romlis saxel– wodebaa cruburdoni (falsobordone) an foburdoni (fauxbourdon). es ukanaskneli miekuTvneboda odnav gansxvavebul tradicias. samwuxarod, karinTiis Soreuli warsulis xalxuri musi–

karinTiis mravalxmiani simReris mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi. mravalferovani polifoniuri vokaluri tradicia adriatikis samxreT-aRmosavleT alpur regionSi 213 kaluri praqtikis Sesaxeb Zalian cota istoriuli Canaweri gagvaCnia, magram ramdenime no– tacia da aRweriloba, romelic efuZneba XIX saukunis mkvlevrebis Sromas da, agreTve, Zveli Canawerebi didad gvexmareba, rom davaskvnaT, Tu rogori agebuleba gaaCnda xalxur musikas. adreuli xalxuri musikis notirebebs, romlebic gamocemulia me-20 saukunis adreul wlebamde frTxilad unda movepyraT (Sed. Lešnik-Tan), radgan isini, albaT, asaxaven tradicias ganswavluli notmwerisa, romlis mTavari motivacia iyo werilobiT versiaSi Tavisi idea gadmoeca, ufro metad, sakuTari mosazrebis gadmocema xalxuri musikis struq– turis Sesaxeb da ara imdroindeli originaluri xalxuri tradiciis aRwera. amis Sesaxeb me-15 saukunis lombardiis polifoniis zogierTi sanoto Canaweri migviTiTebs (Messner, 2008). avstrieli musikologi franc aibneri (Franz Eibner) axdens Tomas koSatis (Thomas Koschat), me-19 saukunis gamoCenili karinTieli kompozitoris, gundis xelmRvanelis, koleqcionerisa da karinTiuli simRerebis Semdgenlis citirebas. tipuri karinTiuli xuTxmiani simReris stilis Sesaxeb igi werda: `tipuri karinTiuli simReris (sloveniuri da germanuli) ga– mokveTili maxasiaTebelia is, rom mTavari melodia sruldeba ara maRali xmis, aramed solistis mier, romlisTvisac yvelaze Sesaferisia baritoni. meore, yvelaze mniSvnelovani partia aris Übersch-lagsstimme (rac germanulad niSnavs, falcets anu kontrtenoris xmas). am partias asrulebs mesame an meeqvse xma melodiis zeviT, ris gamoc falcetis diapazoni unda iyos gamoyenebuli~ (Eibner, 1972: 39-84). falcetis an kontrtenoris gamoyenebis moxsenieba migvaniSnebs am praqtikis asaksa da xangrZlivobaze, rac aseve Zveli cantus firmus-is (rogorc mas adreul, Zvel musikaSi uwodebdnen) teqnikasTan msgavsebaze miuTiTebs. am varauds mowmobs sxvadasxva xmis saxeli, rogoricaa der Grade (inglisurad _ pirdapiri) an Aushalter (inglisurad _ adamiani, visac notebi uWiravs). eseni tenoris alternatiuli saxelebia oTxxmian simReraSi. partia, romelic JRers tonikidan kvintiT zeviT, miuTiTebs, rom is barbiTis specifikuri banis xmis gadmonaSTia. partia, romelic mReris mTavar Sua xmas oq– taviT dabla, regionidan regionSi saxels icvlida. samxreT tirolSi mas kvlav ewodeba tiafe Sekund (inglisurad _ dabali meore). am varauds agreTve mowmobs paraleluri oqtavebis, kvartebisa da kvintebis drodadro gamoyeneba rac gansakuTrebiT maSin SeiniSneba, rodesac simRerebs asruleben xalxuri musikis Semsrulebelebi, romelTac ara aqvT miRebuli formaluri musikaluri ganaTeleba. erT-erTi umTavari maxasiaTebeli is aris, rom am simRerebis Sesrulebas iwyebs solisti da mas sxva xmebis Semsruleblebi uerTdebian. es responsoruli praqtika yovelTvis ar aris daculi, gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove xalxur simRerebSi. xmebi yovelTvis ar gadaadgildebian paraleluri svlebiT, aramed gviCveneben damoukidebel kontrapunqtul tendenciebs. esec TandaTanobiT qreba. dRes, piriqiT, stili ufro ixveweba da harmoniulad sufTa xdeba. savsebiT SesaZle– belia, rom me-16 saukunis bolos renesansuli musikis xuTxmiani polifoniuri vokaluri stilis dacemam da basso continuo-s stilis aRmavlobam gavlena iqonia xalxuri musikis praqtikaze, gansakuTrebiT qalaqSi. amiT SeiZleba aixsnas damkvidreba yvelasTvis kargad cnobili oTxxmiani homofonuri sagundo harmoniisa, romelic xalxuri musikis da dasav– leTis musikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli struqturaa. am ganviTarebas, ra Tqma unda, Zlieri gavlena hqonda xalxur polifoniur tradiciebze. es aris alpuri xalxuri polifoniis SemTxveva, romelic msjelobis sagans warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, vokalurma partiebma (xmebma) SeinarCunes TavianTi specifikuri saxe–

212<br />

gerald florian mesneri<br />

mosaxldnen sxva xalxebi, romelTa Soris iyvnen mebrZoli da agresiuli centraluri azi–<br />

is xunZebi (Avars, avarelebi) da SedarebiT mSvidobiani slavebi. aq dasaxlebuli slavuri<br />

tomebi Camovidnen daaxloebiT Cveni welTaRricxvis 550 wels. isini iyvnen slovenebi (Slo–<br />

venci, arsebobs sxva dasaxelebebic). isini gamoeqcnen xunZebs da, sabolood, bavarielebis<br />

daxmarebiT gadarCnen.<br />

dResdReobiT, aq gamoyenebul adgilobriv enas Tu gamovikvlevT, Cven vipoviT sityvebs<br />

da sityvis fuZeebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba arqaul slav<strong>on</strong>urs da bavariuls, agreTve Zvel<br />

keltur lingvistur Zirebs.<br />

karinTiaSi gavrcelebuli musikaluri stili aris vokaluri polif<strong>on</strong>iuri musika. ga–<br />

moiyofa simReris sami ZiriTadi kategoria: saweso simRerebi, Tanzboden (sacekvao moednis)<br />

simRerebi da gasarTobi simRerebi. or-, sam- da zogjer oTxxmiani saweso simRerebi srul–<br />

deba gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis dros, wlis religiuri sez<strong>on</strong>is ganmavlobaSi, Tanzboden<br />

simRerebi, rogoricaa G’stanzeln (germanizebuli italiuri sityva, romlis fuZea stanza, rac<br />

niSnavs leqss, strofs) sruldeba qorwinebis, sakarnavalo festivalebis, axali wlisa da<br />

sxva saxis Sekrebebze. am resp<strong>on</strong>soruli simRerebis teqstebi sp<strong>on</strong>tanuradaa Seqmnili da Sed–<br />

geba daaxloebiT 10-13 marcvliani taepisgan. es iumoristuli an ir<strong>on</strong>iuli leqsebi sruldeba<br />

cnobil, martiv melodiaze leqsebis avtoris mier. mas mohyveba saerTo mravalxmiani sim–<br />

Rera, romelic pasuxobs 10-marcvlian abarakadabras.<br />

sawesCveulebo da Tanzboden simRerebs gasarTobi simRerebisgan ganasxvavebs metri (xSi–<br />

rad, orwiladi, xandaxan samwiladi), rac Zalian mkafioa da, ra Tqma unda, sityvieri teqs–<br />

ti. simRerebi aris neli, umetesad, samwiladi metriT da sruldeba Tavisufali maneriT, bev–<br />

ri rubatoTi. zogjer simReris safuZvelSi arsebuli metri, romelic miTiTebulia teqs–<br />

tSi, bundovani da TiTqmis Seucnobelia, ris gamoc simRerebis transkripciisas zogierTi<br />

eTnomusikologi mas arasworad aRniSnavs. zogjer isini iZlevian rTul zomebs, romlebic<br />

sinamdvileSi arasworia. es simRerebi, umetesad, sxvadasxva saxis sasiyvarulo da samij–<br />

nuro simRerebia, romlebSic poeturadaa asaxuli sasiyvarulo Temis variaciebi an cxovre–<br />

biseuli siamovneba da gaWirveba. bolo asi wlis ganmavlobaSi gasarTobi simRerebi metadaa<br />

gavrcelebuli.<br />

maTi yvelaze daxvewili, srulyofili da saintereso saxea originalurad improviza–<br />

ciuli oTx- da xuTxmiani simRerebi. xuTxmian simReras asrulebdnen kacebi, magram Semdeg<br />

es Seicvala da axla miRebulia misi Sesruleba mamakacTa da qalTa Sereuli Semadgenlo–<br />

biT, radgan maRali falcetis anu k<strong>on</strong>trtenoris praqtika TandaTan daikarga. mas amJamad<br />

cvlis qali (Stajnar, 2000: 92). es iSviaTi, oTx- da gansakuTrebiT xuTxmiani simReris stili,<br />

romelic zogierT mezobel regi<strong>on</strong>Si TandaTanobiT daviwyebas eZleva, aq kvlav ganagrZobs<br />

arsebobas. igi cocxlobs agreTve samxreT tirolSi (South Tyrol), romelic dRes italiis<br />

nawilia (Deutsch, 2000: 27-38). oTx- da xuTxmiani improvizaciebi asaxavs polif<strong>on</strong>iuri Sesru–<br />

lebis stils, sadac xmebi Semofarglaven mTavar melodias, Sesrulebuls solistis, umete–<br />

sad barit<strong>on</strong>is mier. qalebi umetesad asruleben or-, samxmian simReras. oTx- da xuTxmiani<br />

stili Tavisi Seulaxavi formiT aRar arsebobs, magram igi dasturdeba Zvel CanawerebSi da<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi, rac miuTiTebs Zlier msgavsebaze Zvel musikasTan, romlis saxel–<br />

wodebaa cruburd<strong>on</strong>i (falsobord<strong>on</strong>e) an foburd<strong>on</strong>i (fauxbourd<strong>on</strong>). es ukanaskneli miekuTvneboda<br />

odnav gansxvavebul tradicias. samwuxarod, karinTiis Soreuli warsulis xalxuri musi–

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