The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

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manana SilakaZe (saqarTvelo)
qarTuli da adiReuri instrumentuli musika mravalxmianobis konteqstSi
(tipologiuri paralelebi)
kavkasiis xalxTa instrumentul musikaSi (instrumentuli hangebi da simReris Tanxleba)
arsebul „tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis“ (i. zemcovski) formebSi mniSvnelovania mraval–
xmianobis tipi, akompanirebis saxeebi, kilo-intonaciuri Taviseburebani da sxva. Cven SevexebiT
instrumentul kulturis ganviTarebis adreuli safexurebis amsaxvel, Sesabamis akompanirebis
formebs mravalxmianobasTan mimarTebaSi. winaswar SevniSnav, rom amosavalia tradiciuli
(da ara Tanamedrove, Tundac tradiciaze daSenebuli) kultura, romlis qveda qronologiur
zRvars eTnografiuli masala swvdeba da daaxloebiT, XIX s.-is bolosa da XX s.-is viTarebas
Seesabameba.
qarTuli da Crdilo kavkasiis xalxTa, maT Soris adiRelTa tradiciul musikaSi wamyva–
nia sasimRero Semoqmedeba. instrumentuli musikis roli vokalurTan SedarebiT naklebmniSv–
nelovania. qarTul instrumentul kulturaSi TvalsaCinoa dasakravebTan SedarebiT simReris
Tanxlebis, akompanementis bevrad maRali mxatvrul-musikaluri Rirebuleba.
rogorc qarTul, aseve adiRelTa instrumentul kulturaSi centraluri adgili sime–
bian sakravebs ukavia. saqarTveloSi esenia Camosakravi da xemiani, Crdilo kavkasiis xalxeb–
Si, maT Soris adiRurSi _ xemiani sakravi.
adiReuri saerTo saxelia enobrivad da eTnikurad monaTesave Crdilo-dasavleT kavkasi–
is aborigeni mosaxleobis _ adiReelebis, Cerqezebisa da yabardoelebis enisa da kulturisa.
cxovroben ruseTis federaciaSi _ adiReSi, yabardo-balyareTsa da yaraCai-CerqezeTSi. ma–
Ti TviTsaxelwodebaa adiRe. gamoiyofian eTnografiuli jgufebi: bJeduxebi, abaZexebi, Saf–
suRebi, beslanelebi da sxvebi, romlebic adiReuri enis dialeqtebze metyveleben. XIX s.is
60-an wlebSi am mosaxleobis didi nawili gadaasaxles. amJamad iTvlebian dispersiul
eTnosad _ gafantuli arian msoflios 50-mde qveyanaSi.
tipologiuri SedarebisaTvis aRebuli gvaqvs akompanirebis adreuli formebi, Sesabami–
sad is Janrebi, romlebSic es formebia savaraudo.
akompanirebis aRmniSvneli Zveli qarTuli terminebi Sebaneba / dabaneba nawarmoebia sity–
vidan bani. ivane javaxiSvilis kvleviT, Zveli aRTqmis qarTul TargmanSi (XIs.-XII s.-is dam–
degi) termini Sebanebuli niSnavda xmaTa harmoniulad Sewyoba-Sexamebas (javaxiSvili, 1938:
302-303). amave mkvlevris daskvniT, `...Tavdapirvelad bani marTlac imdenad garkveuli (dabali)
xmis saxeli ar iyo, ramdenadac zogadad akompanementis, Sebanebisa, xmaTa Sewyobisa. dabali
xmis saxelad igi iqca mas Semdeg, rac samxmiani simRera-galoba gaCnda~ (javaxiSvili, 1938: 305).
ivane javaxiSvilma isic aRniSna, rom Sebaneba sakravieric SeiZleba yofiliyo (javaxiSvili,
1938: 315). amasTan dakavSirebiT man xazi gausva kidev erT mniSvnelovan moments _ terminebis _
banisa da ebanis urTierTmimarTebas, maT bgeriTsa da semantikur msgavsebas (javaxiSvili, 1938: 315).
akompanireba qarTuli simebiani sakravebis Tavdapirveli da ZiriTadi funqciaa. misi
warmoSoba ukavSirdeba epikuri (sagmiro da istoriuli leqsebi) Janris ganviTarebis adre–