The Fifth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony ...

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maia gelaSvili
rom im periodSi veinaxebi iyenebdnen qarTul damwerlobas, rasac gvafiqrebinebs Teimuraz
batoniSvilis Semdegi fraza: ,,qistni, RliRvni da ZurZukni pirvel iyvnen eniTa qarTuliTa
momzraxni da qristianeni~.
sabrZolo koSkebi veinaxebs, xevsurebsa da TuSebs msgavsi aqvT. xevsureTSi cixe-koS–
kebis mSeneblobisaTvis RilRodan mohyavdaT qisti xelosnebi. sainteresoa is faqtic, rom
XII saukuneSi qarTvelTa gavlena imdenad didi iyo, rom veinaxebi Tamaris saxels arqmevdnen
qaliSvilebs, lamaz yvavilsac Tamars uwodebdnen.
miTologiaSi ideur naTesavad qarTvel amirans veinaxTa fharmaTi ergeba, radgan isic
amiraniviT kavkasiis qedze, baSlamis wverze miajaWva RmerTma sielam (tarosis RvTaeba). ve–
inaxur zepirsityvier folklorSi xSiria qarTveli Wabukebis _ kai ymebis Tema. aseve, pi–
riqiT: qarTul folklorSi _ veinaxebisa, radganac `vaJkacis fasi Cvenc vicodiT da qist–
mac icoda~ (xangoSvili, 2000: 47).
XVI saukunidan CaCneTSi gavrcelebas iwyebs islami, mogvianebiT ki _ inguSeTSic vrcel–
deba. miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukunis bolosTvis veinaxebSi sabolood damkvidrda islami,
Zveli warmarTuli Tu qristianuli religiis gadmonaSTebi mTlianad ar aRmofxvrila da
maTi islamTan Serwymis Sedegad Seiqmna sinkretuli religia, e.w. `tradiciuli islami~, sa–
dac veinaxebi Zveli adaT-wesebisa da rwmena-warmodgenebis erTgulni rCebian, rac maT folk–
lorSic aRibeWda.
islamis gabatonebis Semdeg veinaxur eposSi Cndeba religiuri lirikis axali Janri
nazmebis saxelwodebiT (nazmi _ arabuli sityvidan nazmun _ almasis xidze gaiwkriala,
anu simReram gaiwkriala). nazmi iZleva warmodgenas yuranis aiaTebze (muxlebze), xadisebze
(romelSic gadmocemulia muhamedis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis momentebi) da Tafsirebze
(yuranis komentarebi) (videomag. 1). axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebSi es Janri ucnobia, is maT–
Tvis arc iyo aucilebeli, radgan iq Tavisuflad kiTxuloben da Targmnian yurans. CeCenma
RvTismetyvelebma da Teologebma ki, romelTac ar gaaCndaT sakuTari damwerloba da ar
icodnen arabuli ena, rwmenis danergvis es gza monaxes.
nazmis warmoSoba ukavSirdeba religiuri moZRvris _ qunT hajis pirovnebas. misi mo–
wodeba mSvidobisa da Sromisken omiT daRlil veinaxebSi didi popularobiT sargeblobda.
aTi wlis qunT hajim Seasrula ziqri _ religiuri rituali, ritmuli rokviTa da wamo–
ZaxilebiT, romelic aqamde sruliad ucxo iyo CaCneT-inguSeTSi. swored es ziqri daukav–
Sirda SemdgomSi micvalebulis datirebis rituals da dRes pankisel qistebSi damkvid–
rebulia Ziqaris saxelwodebiT. Tumca SeiZleba Segvxvdes sxvadasxva dasaxelebac: Ziqari,
Zigari, ziqari, ziqri.
datirebis rituali ramdenime nawilisagan Sedgeba. wriul, rokviT (ZunZuliT) ritu–
als win uZRvis simRera_locva gabmuli baniT. es simRera melodiur_intonaciurad da mra–
valxmianobis burdonuli formiT nazms uaxlovdeba. wriuli rituali ki sruldeba ritmu–
li SeZaxilebiT, romelsac aZlierebs fexis Zlieri dartymebi. tempi TandaTan Cqardeba da
rituali magiur elfers iZens. qistebi amas iseTi gznebiT asruleben, TiTqos winaparTa
sulebs ixmoben. marTlac unda aRiniSnos, rom Ziqari datirebis garda omis Semdgom, mwu–
xarebisas an winaparTa moxseniebis drosac sruldeboda (videomag. 2).
niSandoblivia, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli qisturi sasuliero simRerebis musikalur_
intonaciuri da kilo_harmoniuli safuZveli xalxuri musikaa.
m. albuTaSvili ase aRwers micvalebulis datirebas: `[...] dedakacebi, motiralebi, saxls
rom miuaxlovdebian, Soridanve iwyeben zariT tirils, erTi moTqvams da sxvebi grZlad da
mZimed bans etyvian, [...] ezos karebTan amaT Sinaurebi Sexvdebian isev tiriliT. iq tirilis
kilo Seicvleba. aqedan erTi isev moTqvams, sxvebi orive muStebs gulze irtyamen da erTx–
mad dasZaxeben: vadadai. roca moiRlebian, Sevlen saxlSi da isev zariT iwyeben tirils.
dedakacebs tirils ar aclian miuridebi, Semoexvevian micvalebuls da Ziqars gaumarTaven~
(albuTaSvili, 1990: 6).
aqve gvinda moviyvanoT nawyveti al. yazbegis elgujadan, sadac msgavsi ritualia aRwe–