Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 23] {Looking for the promise from thee} (\prosdechomenoi t•n apo sou epaggelian\). This item is all that is needed to put the scheme through, the young man shrewdly adds. 23:22 {Tell no man} (\m•deni eklal•sai\). Indirect command (_oratio obliqua_) after \paraggeilas\ (charging) with first aorist active infinitive of \eklale•\ (in ancient Greek, but here only in N.T.), but construction changed to direct in rest of the sentence (_oratio recta_) as in 1:4, "that thou hast signified these things to me" (\hoti tauta enephanisas pros eme\). Same verb here as in verse 15. This change is common in the N.T. (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1047). 23:23 {Two} (\tinas duo\). "Some two" as in Lu 7:19, indicating (Page) that they were not specially chosen. {Soldiers} (\strati•tas\), {horsemen} (\hippeis\), {spearmen} (\dexiolabous\). The three varieties of troops in a Roman army like the cohort of Lysias (Page). The \strati•tai\ were the heavy-armed legionaries, the \hippeis\ belonged to every legion, the \dexiolaboi\ were light-armed supplementary troops who carried a lance in the right hand (\dexios\, right, \lamban•\, to take). Vulgate, _lancearios_. At the third hour of the night (\apo trit•s h•ras t•s nuktos\). About nine in the evening. 23:24 {Provide beasts} (\kten• parast•sai\). Change from direct to indirect discourse just the opposite of that in verse 22. {Beasts} (\kt•n•\). For riding as here or for baggage. See on ¯Lu 10:34. Asses or horses, but not war-horses. Since Paul was chained to a soldier, another animal would be required for baggage. It was also seventy miles and a change of horses might be needed. The extreme precaution of Lysias is explained in some Latin MSS. as due to fear of a night attack with the result that he might be accused to Felix of bribery. Luke also probably accompanied Paul. {To bring safe} (\hina dias•s•sin\). Final clause with \hina\ and the first aorist active subjunctive of \dias•z•\, old verb, to save through (\dia\) to a finish. Eight times in the N.T. (Mt 14:36; Lu 7:3; Ac 23:24; 27:43,44; 28:1,4; 1Pe 3:20). {Unto Felix the governor} (\pros Ph•lika ton h•gemona\). Felix was a brother of Pallas, the notorious favourite of Claudius. Both had been slaves and were now freedmen. Felix was made procurator of Judea by Claudius A.D. 52. He held the position till Festus succeeded him after complaints by the Jews to Nero. He married Drusilla the daughter of Herod Agrippa I with the hope of winning the favour of the Jews. He was http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC23.RWP.html (9 of 12) [28/08/2004 09:07:39 a.m.]
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 23] one of the most depraved men of his time. Tacitus says of him that "with all cruelty and lust he exercised the power of a king with the spirit of a slave." The term "governor" (\h•gem•n\) means "leader" from \h•geomai\, to lead, and was applied to leaders of all sorts (emperors, kings, procurators). In the N.T. it is used of Pilate (Mt 27:2), of Felix, (Ac 23:24,26,33; 24:1), of Festus (26:30). 23:25 {And he wrote} (\grapsas\). First aorist active participle of \graph•\, agreeing with the subject (Lysias) of \eipen\ (said) back in verse 23 (beginning). {After this form} (\echousan ton tupon touton\). Textus Receptus has \periechousan\. The use of \tupon\ (type or form) like _exemplum_ in Latin (Page who quotes Cicero _Ad Att_. IX. 6. 3) may give merely the purport or substantial contents of the letter. But there is no reason for thinking that it is not a genuine copy since the letter may have been read in open court before Felix, and Luke was probably with Paul. The Roman law required that a subordinate officer like Lysias in reporting a case to his superior should send a written statement of the case and it was termed _elogium_. A copy of the letter may have been given Paul after his appeal to Caesar. It was probably written in Latin. The letter is a "dexterous mixture of truth and falsehood" (Furneaux) with the stamp of genuineness. It puts things in a favourable light for Lysias and makes no mention of his order to scourge Paul. 23:26 {Most excellent} (\kratist•i\). See on ¯Lu 1:3 to Theophilus though not in Ac 1:1. It is usual in addressing men of rank as here, like our "Your Excellency" in 24:3 and Paul uses it to Festus in 26:25. {Greeting} (\chairein\). Absolute infinitive with independent or absolute nominative (\Klaudios Lusias\) as is used in letters (Ac 15:23; Jas 1:1) and in countless papyri (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1092). 23:27 {Was seized} (\sull•mphthenta\). First aorist passive participle of \sullamban•\. {Rescued him having learned that he was a Roman} (\exeilamen math•n hoti Romaios estin\). Wendt, Zoeckler, and Furneaux try to defend this record of two facts by Lysias in the wrong order from being an actual lie as Bengel rightly says. Lysias did rescue Paul and he did learn that he was a Roman, but in this order. He did not first learn that he was a Roman and then rescue him as his letter states. The use of the aorist participle (\math•n\ from \manthan•\) after the principal verb \exeilamen\ (second aorist middle of \exaire•\, to take out http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC23.RWP.html (10 of 12) [28/08/2004 09:07:39 a.m.]
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<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Acts: Chapter 23]<br />
{Look<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>the</strong> promise from <strong>the</strong>e} (\prosdechomenoi t•n apo sou<br />
epaggelian\). This item is all that is needed to put <strong>the</strong> scheme<br />
through, <strong>the</strong> young man shrewdly adds.<br />
23:22 {Tell no man} (\m•deni eklal•sai\). Indirect command<br />
(_oratio obliqua_) after \paraggeilas\ (charg<strong>in</strong>g) with first<br />
aorist active <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itive of \eklale•\ (<strong>in</strong> ancient Greek, but here<br />
only <strong>in</strong> N.T.), but construction changed to direct <strong>in</strong> rest of <strong>the</strong><br />
sentence (_oratio recta_) as <strong>in</strong> 1:4, "that thou hast signified<br />
<strong>the</strong>se th<strong>in</strong>gs to me" (\hoti tauta enephanisas pros eme\). Same<br />
verb here as <strong>in</strong> verse 15. This change is common <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> N.T.<br />
(Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1047).<br />
23:23 {Two} (\t<strong>in</strong>as duo\). "Some two" as <strong>in</strong> Lu 7:19, <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
(Page) that <strong>the</strong>y were not specially chosen. {Soldiers}<br />
(\strati•tas\), {horsemen} (\hippeis\), {spearmen}<br />
(\dexiolabous\). The three varieties of troops <strong>in</strong> a Roman army<br />
like <strong>the</strong> cohort of Lysias (Page). The \strati•tai\ were <strong>the</strong><br />
heavy-armed legionaries, <strong>the</strong> \hippeis\ belonged to every legion,<br />
<strong>the</strong> \dexiolaboi\ were light-armed supplementary troops who<br />
carried a lance <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> right hand (\dexios\, right, \lamban•\, to<br />
take). Vulgate, _lancearios_. At <strong>the</strong> third hour of <strong>the</strong> night<br />
(\apo trit•s h•ras t•s nuktos\). About n<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> even<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
23:24 {Provide beasts} (\kten• parast•sai\). Change from direct<br />
to <strong>in</strong>direct discourse just <strong>the</strong> opposite of that <strong>in</strong> verse 22.<br />
{Beasts} (\kt•n•\). For rid<strong>in</strong>g as here or for baggage. See on ¯Lu<br />
10:34. Asses or horses, but not war-horses. S<strong>in</strong>ce Paul was<br />
cha<strong>in</strong>ed to a soldier, ano<strong>the</strong>r animal would be required for<br />
baggage. It was also seventy miles and a change of horses might<br />
be needed. The extreme precaution of Lysias is expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> some<br />
Lat<strong>in</strong> MSS. as due to fear of a night attack with <strong>the</strong> result that<br />
he might be accused to Felix of bribery. Luke also probably<br />
accompanied Paul. {To br<strong>in</strong>g safe} (\h<strong>in</strong>a dias•s•s<strong>in</strong>\). F<strong>in</strong>al<br />
clause with \h<strong>in</strong>a\ and <strong>the</strong> first aorist active subjunctive of<br />
\dias•z•\, old verb, to save through (\dia\) to a f<strong>in</strong>ish. Eight<br />
times <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> N.T. (Mt 14:36; Lu 7:3; Ac 23:24; 27:43,44; 28:1,4;<br />
1Pe 3:20). {Unto Felix <strong>the</strong> governor} (\pros Ph•lika ton<br />
h•gemona\). Felix was a bro<strong>the</strong>r of Pallas, <strong>the</strong> notorious<br />
favourite of Claudius. Both had been slaves and were now<br />
freedmen. Felix was made procurator of Judea by Claudius A.D. 52.<br />
He held <strong>the</strong> position till Festus succeeded him after compla<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Jews to Nero. He married Drusilla <strong>the</strong> daughter of Herod<br />
Agrippa I with <strong>the</strong> hope of w<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> favour of <strong>the</strong> Jews. He was<br />
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