Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 21] hundred were trampled to death. 21:33 {Came near} (\eggisas\). First aorist active participle of \eggiz•\, to draw near, _Koin•_ verb from \eggus\, near, and common in the N.T. {Laid hold on him} (\epelabeto antou\). See same verb in verse 30. {To be bound} (\deth•nai\). First aorist passive infinitive of \de•\ (see verse 11). {With two chains} (\halusesi dusi\). Instrumental case of \halusis\, old word from \a\ privative and \lu•\ (not loosing, i.e. chaining). With two chains as a violent and seditious person, probably leader of a band of assassins (verse 38). See on ¯Mr 5:4. {Inquired} (\epunthaneto\). Imperfect middle of \punthanomai\, old and common verb used mainly by Luke in the N.T. Lysias repeated his inquiries. {Who he was} (\tis ei•\). Present active optative of \eimi\ changed from \estin\ (present indicative) in the indirect question, a change not obligatory after a past tense, but often done in the older Greek, rare in the N.T. (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1043f.). {And what he had done} (\kai ti estin pepoi•k•s\). Periphrastic perfect active indicative of \poie•\ here retained, not changed to the optative as is true of \ei•\ from \estin\ in the same indirect question, illustrating well the freedom about it. 21:34 {Some shouting one thing, some another} (\alloi allo ti epeph•noun\). Same idiom of \alloi allo\ as in 19:32 which see. The imperfect of \epiph•ne•\, to call out to, suits well the idiom. This old verb occurs in the N.T. only in Luke and Acts (already in 12:22). {When he could not know} (\m• dunamenou autou gn•nai\). Genitive absolute of present middle participle of \dunamai\ with negative \m•\ and second aorist active infinitive of \gin•sk•\. {The certainty} (\to asphales\). Neuter articular adjective from \a\ privative and \sphall•\, to make totter or fall. Old word, in the N.T. only in Ac 21:34; 22:30; 25:26; Php 3:1; Heb 6:19. {Into the castle} (\eis t•n parembol•n\). _Koin•_ word from \paremball•\, to cast in by the side of, to assign soldiers a place, to encamp (see on ¯Lu 19:43). So \parembol•\ comes to mean an interpolation, then an army drawn up (Heb 11:34), but mainly an encampment (Heb 13:11,13), frequent in Polybius and LXX. So here barracks of the Roman soldiers in the tower of Antonia as in verse 37; 22:24; 23:10,16,32. 21:35 {Upon the stairs} (\epi tous anabathmous\). From \ana\, up, and \bain•\, to go. Late word, in LXX and _Koin•_ writers. In the N.T. only here and verse 40. {So it was} (\suneb•\). Second http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC21.RWP.html (19 of 22) [28/08/2004 09:07:25 a.m.]
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 21] aorist active of \sumbain•\, to happen (see on ¯20:19) with infinitive clause as subject here as often in the old Greek. {He was borne} (\bastazesthai auton\). Accusative of general reference with this subject infinitive, present passive of \bastaz•\, to take up with the hands, literally as here. {Violence} (\bian\). See on ¯Ac 5:26. \Biaz•\, to use force, is from \bia\. 21:36 {Followed after} (\•kolouthei\). Imperfect active of \akoluthe•\, was following. Cheated of their purpose to lynch Paul, they were determined to have his blood. {Crying out} (\krazontes\). Construction according to sense, plural masculine participle agreeing with neuter singular substantive \pl•thos\ (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 401). {Away with him} (\Aire auton\). The very words used by the mob to Pilate when they chose Barabbas in preference to Jesus (Lu 23:18, \Aire touton\). He will hear it again from this same crowd (Ac 22:22). It is the present imperative (\aire\) as in Lu 23:18, but some may have used the urgent aorist active imperative as also in the case of Jesus Joh 19:15, \•ron, •ron\ with \staur•son\ added). Luke does not say that this mob demanded crucifixion for Paul. He was learning what it was to share the sufferings of Christ as the sullen roar of the mob's yells rolled on and on in his ears. 21:37 {May I say something unto thee?} (\Ei exestin moi eipein ti pros se?\). On this use of \ei\ in a direct question see on ¯1:6. The calm self-control of Paul in the presence of this mob is amazing. His courteous request to Lysias was in Greek to the chiliarch's amazement. {Dost thou know Greek?} (\Hell•nisti gin•skeis?\). Old Greek adverb in \-i\ from \Hell•niz•\, meaning "in Greek." "Do you know it in Greek?" In the N.T. only here and Joh 19:20. {Art thou not then the Egyptian?} (\Ouk ara su ei ho Aiguptios?\). Expects the answer _Yes_ and \ara\ argues the matter (therefore). The well-known (\ho\) Egyptian who had given the Romans so much trouble. {Stirred up to sedition} (\anastat•sas\). First aorist active participle of \anastato•\, a late verb from \anastatos\, outcast, and so to unsettle, to stir up, to excite, once known only in LXX and Ac 17:6 (which see); 21:38; Ga 5:12, but now found in several papyri examples with precisely this sense to upset. {Of the Assassins} (\t•n sikari•n\). Latin word _sicarius_, one who carried a short sword \sica\ under his cloak, a cutthroat. Josephus uses this very word for bands of robbers under this Egyptian (_War_ II. 17,6 and http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC21.RWP.html (20 of 22) [28/08/2004 09:07:25 a.m.]
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<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Acts: Chapter 21]<br />
aorist active of \sumba<strong>in</strong>•\, to happen (see on ¯20:19) with<br />
<strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itive clause as subject here as often <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> old Greek. {He<br />
was borne} (\bastazesthai auton\). Accusative of general<br />
reference with this subject <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itive, present passive of<br />
\bastaz•\, to take up with <strong>the</strong> hands, literally as here.<br />
{Violence} (\bian\). See on ¯Ac 5:26. \Biaz•\, to use force, is<br />
from \bia\.<br />
21:36 {Followed after} (\•kolou<strong>the</strong>i\). Imperfect active of<br />
\akolu<strong>the</strong>•\, was follow<strong>in</strong>g. Cheated of <strong>the</strong>ir purpose to lynch<br />
Paul, <strong>the</strong>y were determ<strong>in</strong>ed to have his blood. {Cry<strong>in</strong>g out}<br />
(\krazontes\). Construction accord<strong>in</strong>g to sense, plural mascul<strong>in</strong>e<br />
participle agree<strong>in</strong>g with neuter s<strong>in</strong>gular substantive \pl•thos\<br />
(Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 401). {Away with him} (\Aire auton\).<br />
The very words used by <strong>the</strong> mob to Pilate when <strong>the</strong>y chose Barabbas<br />
<strong>in</strong> preference to Jesus (Lu 23:18, \Aire touton\). He will hear<br />
it aga<strong>in</strong> from this same crowd (Ac 22:22). It is <strong>the</strong> present<br />
imperative (\aire\) as <strong>in</strong> Lu 23:18, but some may have used <strong>the</strong><br />
urgent aorist active imperative as also <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> case of Jesus Joh<br />
19:15, \•ron, •ron\ with \staur•son\ added). Luke does not say<br />
that this mob demanded crucifixion for Paul. He was learn<strong>in</strong>g what<br />
it was to share <strong>the</strong> suffer<strong>in</strong>gs of Christ as <strong>the</strong> sullen roar of<br />
<strong>the</strong> mob's yells rolled on and on <strong>in</strong> his ears.<br />
21:37 {May I say someth<strong>in</strong>g unto <strong>the</strong>e?} (\Ei exest<strong>in</strong> moi eipe<strong>in</strong> ti<br />
pros se?\). On this use of \ei\ <strong>in</strong> a direct question see on<br />
¯1:6. The calm self-control of Paul <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> presence of this mob<br />
is amaz<strong>in</strong>g. His courteous request to Lysias was <strong>in</strong> Greek to <strong>the</strong><br />
chiliarch's amazement. {Dost thou know Greek?} (\Hell•nisti<br />
g<strong>in</strong>•skeis?\). Old Greek adverb <strong>in</strong> \-i\ from \Hell•niz•\, mean<strong>in</strong>g<br />
"<strong>in</strong> Greek." "Do you know it <strong>in</strong> Greek?" In <strong>the</strong> N.T. only here and<br />
Joh 19:20. {Art thou not <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Egyptian?} (\Ouk ara su ei ho<br />
Aiguptios?\). Expects <strong>the</strong> answer _Yes_ and \ara\ argues <strong>the</strong><br />
matter (<strong>the</strong>refore). The well-known (\ho\) Egyptian who had given<br />
<strong>the</strong> Romans so much trouble. {Stirred up to sedition}<br />
(\anastat•sas\). First aorist active participle of \anastato•\, a<br />
late verb from \anastatos\, outcast, and so to unsettle, to stir<br />
up, to excite, once known only <strong>in</strong> LXX and Ac 17:6 (which see);<br />
21:38; Ga 5:12, but now found <strong>in</strong> several papyri examples with<br />
precisely this sense to upset. {Of <strong>the</strong> Assass<strong>in</strong>s} (\t•n<br />
sikari•n\). Lat<strong>in</strong> word _sicarius_, one who carried a short sword<br />
\sica\ under his cloak, a cutthroat. Josephus uses this very word<br />
for bands of robbers under this Egyptian (_War_ II. 17,6 and<br />
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