Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 19] before this new uproar. Paul as a Roman citizen could not be thrown to wild beasts, but he so pictured the violent opponents of Christ in Ephesus. 19:24 {Demetrius, a silversmith} (\D•m•trios argurokopos\). The name is common enough and may or may not be the man mentioned in 3Jo 1:12 who was also from the neighbourhood of Ephesus. There is on an inscription at Ephesus near the close of the century a Demetrius called \neopoios Artemidos\ a temple warden of Artemis (Diana). Zoeckler suggests that Luke misunderstood this word \neopoios\ and translated it into \argurokopos\, a beater (\kopt•\, to beat) of silver (\arguros\, silver), "which made silver shrines of Artemis" (\poi•n naous\ (\argurous\) \Artemidos\). It is true that no silver shrines of the temple have been found in Ephesus, but only numerous terra-cotta ones. Ramsay suggests that the silver ones would naturally be melted down. The date is too late anyhow to identify the Demetrius who was \neopoios\ with the Demetrius \argurokopos\ who made little silver temples of Artemis, though B does not have the word \argurous\. The poor votaries would buy the terra-cotta ones, the rich the silver shrines (Ramsay, _Paul the Traveller_, p. 278). These small models of the temple with the statue of Artemis inside would be set up in the houses or even worn as amulets. It is a pity that the Revised Version renders Artemis here. Diana as the Ephesian Artemis is quite distinct from the Greek Artemis, the sister of Apollo, the Diana of the Romans. This temple, built in the 6th century B.C., was burnt by Herostratus Oct. 13 B.C. 356, the night when Alexander the Great was born. It was restored and was considered one of the seven wonders of the world. Artemis was worshipped as the goddess of fertility, like the Lydian Cybele, a figure with many breasts. The great festival in May would offer Demetrius a golden opportunity for the sale of the shrines. {Brought no little business} (\pareicheto ouk olig•n ergasian\). Imperfect middle, continued to bring (furnish, provide). The middle accents the part that Demetrius played as the leader of the guild of silversmiths, work for himself and for them. {Unto the craftsmen} (\tais technitais\). The artisans from \techn•\ (craft, art). Trade guilds were common in the ancient world. Demetrius had probably organized this guild and provided the capital for the enterprise. 19:25 {Whom he gathered together} (\hous sunathroisas\). First aorist active participle of \sunathroiz•\, old verb to assemble http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC19.RWP.html (11 of 21) [28/08/2004 09:07:12 a.m.]
Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chapter 19] together (\athroos\, a crowd), in the N.T. only here and Ac 12:12. {With the workmen of like occupation} (\kai tous peri ta toiauta ergatas\). "And the workmen concerning such things," apparently those who made the marble and terra-cotta shrines who would also be affected in the same way. It was a gathering of the associated trades, not for a strike, for employer and employees met together, but in protest against the preaching of Paul. {We have our wealth} (\h• euporia h•min estin\). The wealth is to us (dative of possession). This old word for wealth occurs here alone in the N.T. It is from \eu\ and \poros\, easy to pass through, easy to accomplish, to be well off, wealthy, welfare, weal, well-being, rich. Demetrius appeals to this knowledge and self-interest of the artisans as the basis for their zeal for Artemis, piety for revenue. 19:26 {At Ephesus} (\Ephesou\). Genitive of place as also with \Asias\ (Asia). Cf. Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 494f. {This Paul} (\ho Paulos houtos\). Contemptuous use of \houtos\. {Hath turned away} (\metest•sen\). Changed, transposed. First aorist active indicative, did change. Tribute to Paul's powers as a preacher borne out by Luke's record in 19:10. There may be an element of exaggeration on the part of Demetrius to incite the workmen to action, for the worship of Artemis was their wealth. Paul had cut the nerve of their business. There had long been a Jewish colony in Ephesus, but their protest against idolatry was as nothing compared with Paul's preaching (Furneaux). {Which are made with hands} (\hoi dia cheir•n ginomenoi\). Note the present tense, made from time to time. No doubt Paul had put the point sharply as in Athens (Ac 17:29). Isaiah (Isa 44:9-17) had pictured graphically the absurdity of worshipping stocks and stones, flatly forbidden by the Old Testament (Ex 20:4; Ps 135:15-18). The people identified their gods with the images of them and Demetrius reflects that point of view. He was jealous of the brand of gods turned out by his factory. The artisans would stand by him on this point. It was a reflection on their work. 19:27 {This our trade} (\touto to meros\). Part, share, task, job, trade. {Come into disrepute} (\eis apelegmon elthein\). Not in the old writers, but in LXX and _Koin•_. Literally, reputation, exposure, censure, rejection after examination, and so disrepute. Their business of making gods would lose caste as the liquor trade (still called the trade in England) has done in our day. They felt this keenly and so Demetrius names it first. http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC19.RWP.html (12 of 21) [28/08/2004 09:07:12 a.m.]
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<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Acts: Chapter 19]<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r (\athroos\, a crowd), <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> N.T. only here and Ac<br />
12:12. {With <strong>the</strong> workmen of like occupation} (\kai tous peri ta<br />
toiauta ergatas\). "And <strong>the</strong> workmen concern<strong>in</strong>g such th<strong>in</strong>gs,"<br />
apparently those who made <strong>the</strong> marble and terra-cotta shr<strong>in</strong>es who<br />
would also be affected <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same way. It was a ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong><br />
associated trades, not for a strike, for employer and employees<br />
met toge<strong>the</strong>r, but <strong>in</strong> protest aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> preach<strong>in</strong>g of Paul. {We<br />
have our wealth} (\h• euporia h•m<strong>in</strong> est<strong>in</strong>\). The wealth is to us<br />
(dative of possession). This old word for wealth occurs here<br />
alone <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> N.T. It is from \eu\ and \poros\, easy to pass<br />
through, easy to accomplish, to be well off, wealthy, welfare,<br />
weal, well-be<strong>in</strong>g, rich. Demetrius appeals to this knowledge and<br />
self-<strong>in</strong>terest of <strong>the</strong> artisans as <strong>the</strong> basis for <strong>the</strong>ir zeal for<br />
Artemis, piety for revenue.<br />
19:26 {At Ephesus} (\Ephesou\). Genitive of place as also with<br />
\Asias\ (Asia). Cf. Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 494f. {This Paul}<br />
(\ho Paulos houtos\). Contemptuous use of \houtos\. {Hath turned<br />
away} (\metest•sen\). Changed, transposed. First aorist active<br />
<strong>in</strong>dicative, did change. Tribute to Paul's powers as a preacher<br />
borne out by Luke's record <strong>in</strong> 19:10. There may be an element of<br />
exaggeration on <strong>the</strong> part of Demetrius to <strong>in</strong>cite <strong>the</strong> workmen to<br />
action, for <strong>the</strong> worship of Artemis was <strong>the</strong>ir wealth. Paul had cut<br />
<strong>the</strong> nerve of <strong>the</strong>ir bus<strong>in</strong>ess. There had long been a Jewish colony<br />
<strong>in</strong> Ephesus, but <strong>the</strong>ir protest aga<strong>in</strong>st idolatry was as noth<strong>in</strong>g<br />
compared with Paul's preach<strong>in</strong>g (Furneaux). {Which are made with<br />
hands} (\hoi dia cheir•n g<strong>in</strong>omenoi\). Note <strong>the</strong> present tense,<br />
made from time to time. No doubt Paul had put <strong>the</strong> po<strong>in</strong>t sharply<br />
as <strong>in</strong> A<strong>the</strong>ns (Ac 17:29). Isaiah (Isa 44:9-17) had pictured<br />
graphically <strong>the</strong> absurdity of worshipp<strong>in</strong>g stocks and stones,<br />
flatly forbidden by <strong>the</strong> Old <strong>Testament</strong> (Ex 20:4; Ps 135:15-18).<br />
The people identified <strong>the</strong>ir gods with <strong>the</strong> images of <strong>the</strong>m and<br />
Demetrius reflects that po<strong>in</strong>t of view. He was jealous of <strong>the</strong><br />
brand of gods turned out by his factory. The artisans would stand<br />
by him on this po<strong>in</strong>t. It was a reflection on <strong>the</strong>ir work.<br />
19:27 {This our trade} (\touto to meros\). Part, share, task,<br />
job, trade. {Come <strong>in</strong>to disrepute} (\eis apelegmon el<strong>the</strong><strong>in</strong>\). Not<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> old writers, but <strong>in</strong> LXX and _Ko<strong>in</strong>•_. Literally,<br />
reputation, exposure, censure, rejection after exam<strong>in</strong>ation, and<br />
so disrepute. Their bus<strong>in</strong>ess of mak<strong>in</strong>g gods would lose caste as<br />
<strong>the</strong> liquor trade (still called <strong>the</strong> trade <strong>in</strong> England) has done <strong>in</strong><br />
our day. They felt this keenly and so Demetrius names it first.<br />
http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/AC19.RWP.html (12 of 21) [28/08/2004 09:07:12 a.m.]