Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chapter 23]
23:45 {The sun's light failing} (\tou h•liou ekleipontos\).
Genitive absolute of the present active participle of \ekleip•\,
an old verb, to leave out, omit, pass by, to fail, to die. The
word was used also of the eclipse of the sun or moon. But this
was impossible at this time because the moon was full at the
passover. Hence many documents change this correct text to "the
sun was darkened" (\eskotisth• ho h•lios\) to obviate the
difficulty about the technical eclipse. But the sun can be
darkened in other ways. In a London fog at noon the street lights
are often turned on. The Revised Version translates it correctly,
"the sun's light failing." Leave the darkness unexplained. {In
the midst} (\meson\). In the middle. Mr 15:38; Mt 27:51 have
"in two" (\eis duo\).
23:46 {Father} (\Pater\). Jesus dies with the words of Ps 31:5
on his lips. {Gave up the ghost} (\exepneusen\). First aorist
active indicative of \ekpne•\, to breathe out, to expire, old
word, but in the N.T. only here and Mr 15:37,39. There is no
special reason for retaining "ghost" in the English as both Mt
27:50 (yielded up his spirit, \aph•ken to pneuma\) and Joh
19:30 (gave up his spirit, \pared•ken to pneuma\) use \pneuma\
which is the root of \ekpne•\, the verb in Mark and Luke.
23:47 {Glorified} (\edoxazen\). Imperfect active. Began to
glorify (inchoative) or kept on glorifying.
23:48 {Certainly} (\ont•s\). Really, old adverb from the
participle \on\ from \eimi\, to be. Used also in 24:34 of the
resurrection of Jesus. {A righteous man} (\dikaios\). Mr 15:39
( Mt 27:54) which see, represents the centurion as saying \theou
huios\ (God's Son) which may mean to him little more than
"righteous man." {That came together} (\sunparagenomenoi\).
Double compound (\sun\, together, \para\, along), that came along
together. {To this sight} (\epi t•n the•rian taut•n\). This
spectacle (\the•rian\ from \the•re•\, verse 35). {Returned}
(\hupestrephon\). Imperfect active of \hupostreph•\. See them
slowly wending their way back to the city from this Tragedy of
the Ages which they had witnessed in awe.
23:49 {Stood afar off} (\hist•keisan apo makrothen\). Same verb
as in verse 35. Melancholy picture of the inner circle of the
acquaintances of Jesus and the faithful band of women from
Galilee. {Seeing these things} (\hor•sai tauta\). And helpless
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