Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chapter 21]. [Table of Contents] [Previous] [Next] 21:1 {And he looked up} (\Anablepsas de\). He had taken his seat, after the debate was over and the Sanhedrin had slunk away in sheer defeat, "over against the treasury" (Mr 12:41). The word for "treasury" (\gazophulakion\) is a compound of \gaza\ (Persian word for royal treasury) and \phulak•\ guard or protection. It is common in the LXX, but in the N.T. only here and Mr 12:41,43; Joh 8:20. Jesus was watching (Mr 12:41) the rich put in their gifts as a slight diversion from the intense strain of the hours before. 21:2 {Poor} (\penichran\). A rare word from \pen•s\ (\penomai\, to work for one's living). Latin _penuria_ and Greek \peina•\, to be hungry are kin to it. Here only in the N.T. Mr 12:42 has \pt•ch•\, a more common word from \pt•ss•\, to be frightened, to strike and hide from fear, to be in beggary. And Luke uses this adjective also of her in verse 3. 21:3 {More than they all} (\pleion pant•n\). Ablative case after the comparative \pleion\. 21:4 {All these did cast} (\pantes houtoi ebalon\). Constative second aorist active indicative covering the whole crowd except the widow. {Living} (\bion\). Livelihood as in Mr 12:44, not \z••n\, principle of life. 21:5 {As some spake} (\tin•n legont•n\). Genitive absolute. The disciples we know from Mr 13:1; Mt 24:1. {How} (\hoti\). Literally, "that." {It was adorned} (\kekosm•tai\). Perfect passive indicative, state of completion, stands adorned, tense retained in indirect discourse, though English has to change it. \Kosme•\, old and common verb for orderly arrangement and adorning. {With goodly stones and offerings} (\lithois kalois kai anath•masin\). Instrumental case. Some of these stones in the substructure were enormous. "The columns of the cloister or portico were monoliths of marble over forty feet high" (Plummer). Cf. Josephus, _War_, V.5. The word \anath•ma\ (here only in the N.T.) is not to be confused with \anathema\ from the same verb \anatith•mi\, but which came to mean a curse (Ga 1:8; Ac http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/LU21.RWP.html (1 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:05:53 a.m.] Word Pictures in the New Testament (Luke: Chapter 21)
Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chapter 21]. 23:14). So \anathema\ came to mean devoted in a bad sense, \anath•ma\ in a good sense. "Thus _knave_, lad, becomes a _rascal; villain_, a _farmer_, becomes a _scoundrel; cunning_, _skilful_, becomes _crafty_" (Vincent). These offerings in the temple were very numerous and costly (2Macc. 3:2-7) like the golden vine of Herod with branches as tall as a man (Josephus, _Ant_. XV. ii.3). 21:6 {As for these things} (\tauta\). Accusative of general reference. {One stone upon another} (\lithos epi lith•i\). Stone upon stone (locative). Here both Mr 13:2; Mt 24:2 have \epi lithon\ (accusative). Instead of \ouk apheth•setai\ (future passive) they both have \ou m• apheth•i\ (double negative with aorist passive subjunctive). It was a shock to the disciples to hear this after the triumphal entry. 21:8 {That ye be not led astray} (\m• plan•th•te\). First aorist passive subjunctive with \m•\ (lest). This verb \plana•\ occurs here only in Luke though often in the rest of the N.T. (as Mt 24:4,5,11,24, which see). Our word _planet_ is from this word. {The time is at hand} (\ho kairos •ggiken\). Just as John the Baptist did of the kingdom (Mt 3:2) and Jesus also (Mr 1:15). {Go ye not after them} (\m• poreuth•te opis• aut•n\). First aorist passive subjunctive with \m•\. A needed warning today with all the false cries in the religious world. 21:9 {Be not terrified} (\m• pto•th•te\). First aorist passive subjunctive with \m•\ from \ptoe•\ an old verb to terrify, from \ptoa\, terror. In the N.T. only here and Lu 24:37. {First} (\Pr•ton\). It is so easy to forget this and to insist that the end is "immediately" in spite of Christ's explicit denial here. See Mt 24:4-42; Mr 13:1-37 for discussion of details for Lu 21:8-36, the great eschatological discourse of Jesus 21:11 {Famines and pestilences} (\loimoi kai limoi\). Play on the two words pronounced just alike in the _Koin•_ (itacism). {And terrors} (\phob•thra te\). The use of \te ... te\ in this verse groups the two kinds of woes. This rare word \phob•thra\ is only here in the N.T. It is from \phobe•\, to frighten, and occurs only in the plural as here. 21:12 {But before all these things} (\pro de tout•n pant•n\). In Mr 13:8; Mt 24:8 these things are termed "the beginning of travail." That may be the idea here. Plummer insists that http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/LU21.RWP.html (2 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:05:53 a.m.]
- Page 523 and 524: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 525 and 526: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 527 and 528: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 529 and 530: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 531 and 532: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 533 and 534: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 535 and 536: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 537 and 538: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 539 and 540: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 541 and 542: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 543 and 544: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 545 and 546: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 547 and 548: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 549 and 550: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 551 and 552: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 553 and 554: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 555 and 556: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 557 and 558: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 559 and 560: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 561 and 562: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 563 and 564: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 565 and 566: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 567 and 568: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 569 and 570: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 571 and 572: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 573: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 577 and 578: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 579 and 580: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 581 and 582: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 583 and 584: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 585 and 586: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 587 and 588: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 589 and 590: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 591 and 592: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 593 and 594: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 595 and 596: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 597 and 598: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 599 and 600: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 601 and 602: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 603 and 604: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 605 and 606: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 607 and 608: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 609 and 610: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 611 and 612: Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chap
- Page 613 and 614: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
- Page 615 and 616: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
- Page 617 and 618: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
- Page 619 and 620: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
- Page 621 and 622: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
- Page 623 and 624: Word Pictures in the NT [Acts: Chap
<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Luke: Chapter 21].<br />
23:14). So \ana<strong>the</strong>ma\ came to mean devoted <strong>in</strong> a bad sense,<br />
\anath•ma\ <strong>in</strong> a good sense. "Thus _knave_, lad, becomes a<br />
_rascal; villa<strong>in</strong>_, a _farmer_, becomes a _scoundrel; cunn<strong>in</strong>g_,<br />
_skilful_, becomes _crafty_" (V<strong>in</strong>cent). These offer<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
temple were very numerous and costly (2Macc. 3:2-7) like <strong>the</strong><br />
golden v<strong>in</strong>e of Herod with branches as tall as a man (Josephus,<br />
_Ant_. XV. ii.3).<br />
21:6 {As for <strong>the</strong>se th<strong>in</strong>gs} (\tauta\). Accusative of general<br />
reference. {One stone upon ano<strong>the</strong>r} (\lithos epi lith•i\). Stone<br />
upon stone (locative). Here both Mr 13:2; Mt 24:2 have \epi<br />
lithon\ (accusative). Instead of \ouk apheth•setai\ (future<br />
passive) <strong>the</strong>y both have \ou m• apheth•i\ (double negative with<br />
aorist passive subjunctive). It was a shock to <strong>the</strong> disciples to<br />
hear this after <strong>the</strong> triumphal entry.<br />
21:8 {That ye be not led astray} (\m• plan•th•te\). First aorist<br />
passive subjunctive with \m•\ (lest). This verb \plana•\ occurs<br />
here only <strong>in</strong> Luke though often <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest of <strong>the</strong> N.T. (as Mt<br />
24:4,5,11,24, which see). Our word _planet_ is from this word.<br />
{The time is at hand} (\ho kairos •ggiken\). Just as John <strong>the</strong><br />
Baptist did of <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>gdom (Mt 3:2) and Jesus also (Mr 1:15).<br />
{Go ye not after <strong>the</strong>m} (\m• poreuth•te opis• aut•n\). First<br />
aorist passive subjunctive with \m•\. A needed warn<strong>in</strong>g today with<br />
all <strong>the</strong> false cries <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> religious world.<br />
21:9 {Be not terrified} (\m• pto•th•te\). First aorist passive<br />
subjunctive with \m•\ from \ptoe•\ an old verb to terrify, from<br />
\ptoa\, terror. In <strong>the</strong> N.T. only here and Lu 24:37. {First}<br />
(\Pr•ton\). It is so easy to forget this and to <strong>in</strong>sist that <strong>the</strong><br />
end is "immediately" <strong>in</strong> spite of Christ's explicit denial here.<br />
See Mt 24:4-42; Mr 13:1-37 for discussion of details for Lu<br />
21:8-36, <strong>the</strong> great eschatological discourse of Jesus<br />
21:11 {Fam<strong>in</strong>es and pestilences} (\loimoi kai limoi\). Play on <strong>the</strong><br />
two words pronounced just alike <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> _Ko<strong>in</strong>•_ (itacism). {And<br />
terrors} (\phob•thra te\). The use of \te ... te\ <strong>in</strong> this verse<br />
groups <strong>the</strong> two k<strong>in</strong>ds of woes. This rare word \phob•thra\ is only<br />
here <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> N.T. It is from \phobe•\, to frighten, and occurs<br />
only <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> plural as here.<br />
21:12 {But before all <strong>the</strong>se th<strong>in</strong>gs} (\pro de tout•n pant•n\). In<br />
Mr 13:8; Mt 24:8 <strong>the</strong>se th<strong>in</strong>gs are termed "<strong>the</strong> beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of<br />
travail." That may be <strong>the</strong> idea here. Plummer <strong>in</strong>sists that<br />
http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/LU21.RWP.html (2 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:05:53 a.m.]