Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the NT [Luke: Chapter 11].
is on the inside. Both inside and outside should be clean, but
the inside first.
11:40 {Howbeit} (\pl•n\). See Lu 6:24. Instead of devoting so
much attention to the outside. {Those things which are within}
(\ta enonta\). Articular neuter plural participle from \eneimi\,
to be in, common verb. This precise phrase only here in the N.T.
though in the papyri, and it is not clear what it means.
Probably, give as alms the things within the dishes, that is have
inward righteousness with a brotherly spirit and the outward
becomes "clean" (\kathara\). Properly understood, this is not
irony and is not Ebionism, but good Christianity (Plummer).
11:42 {Tithe} (\apodekatoute\). Late verb for the more common
\dekateu•\. So in Mt 23:23. Take a tenth off (\apo-\). Rue
(\p•ganon\). Botanical term in late writers from \p•gnumi\, to
make fast because of its thick leaves. Here Mt 23:23 has
"anise." {Every herb} (\p•n lachanon\). General term as in Mr
4:32. Matthew has "cummin." {Pass by} (\parerchesthe\). Present
middle indicative of \parerchomai\, common verb, to go by or
beside. Mt 23:23 has "ye have left undone" (\aph•kate\). Luke
here has "love" (\agap•n\), not in Matthew. {Ought} (\edei\). As
in Matthew. Imperfect of a present obligation, not lived up to
just like our "ought" (\owed\, not paid). \Pareinai\, as in
Matthew, the second aorist active infinitive of \aphi•mi\. to
leave off. Common verb. Luke does not have the remark about
straining out the gnat and swallowing the camel (Mt 23:34). It
is plain that the terrible exposure of the scribes and Pharisees
in Mt 23 in the temple was simply the culmination of previous
conflicts such as this one.
11:43 {The chief seats in the synagogues} (\t•n pr•tokathedrian
en tais sunag•gais\). Singular here, plural in Mt 23:6. This
semi-circular bench faced the congregation. Mt 23:6 has also
the chief place at feasts given by Luke also in that discourse
(20:46) as well as in 14:7, a marked characteristic of the
Pharisees.
11:44 {The tombs which appear not} (\ta mn•neia ta ad•la\). These
hidden graves would give ceremonial defilement for seven days
(Nu 19:16). Hence they were usually whitewashed as a warning.
So in Mt 23:27 the Pharisees are called "whited sepulchres."
Men do not know how rotten they are. The word \ad•los\ (\a\
privative and \d•los\, apparent or plain) occurs in the N.T. only
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