Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
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Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

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Word Pictures in the NT [Matthew: Chapter 18]. 7:42; 14:14; Heb 6:13. Genitive absolute though \auton\ in the same clause as often in the N.T. {To be sold} (\prath•nai\). First aorist passive infinitive of \piprask•\. This was according to the law (Ex 22:3; Le 25:39,47). Wife and children were treated as property in those primitive times. 18:27 {The debt} (\to danion\). The loan. Common in the papyri for a loan. The interest had increased the debt enormously. "This heavy oriental usury is of the scenery of the parable" (McNeile). 18:28 {A hundred pence} (\hekaton d•naria\). A denarius was worth about eight and a half pence. The hundred denarii here were equal to some "fifty shillings" (Bruce), "about 4 pounds" (McNeile), "twenty pounds" (Moffatt), "twenty dollars" (Goodspeed), "100 shillings" (Weymouth) . These are various efforts to represent in modern language the small amount of this debt compared with the big one. {Took him by the throat} (\epnigen\). "Held him by the throat" (Allen). It is imperfect, probably inchoative, "began to choke or throttle him." The Roman law allowed this indignity. Vincent quotes Livy (iv. 53) who tells how the necks were twisted (_collum torsisset_) and how Cicero (_Pro Cluentio_, xxi.) says: "Lead him to the judgment seat with twisted neck (_collo obtorto_)." {What thou owest} (\ei ti opheileis\). Literally, "if thou owest anything," however little. He did not even know how much it was, only that he owed him something. "The 'if' is simply the expression of a pitiless logic" (Meyer). 18:30 {And he would not} (\ho de ouk •thelen\). Imperfect tense of persistent refusal. {Till he should pay} (\he•s apod•i\). This futuristic aorist subjunctive is the rule with \he•s\ for a future goal. He was to stay in prison till he should pay. "He acts on the instinct of a base nature, and also doubtless in accordance with long habits of harsh tyrannical behaviour towards men in his power" (Bruce). On imprisonment for debt among the Greeks and Romans see Deissmann, _Light from the Ancient East_, pp. 270,330. 18:31 {Told} (\diesaph•san\). Made wholly clear to their own lord. That is the usual result in the long run. There is a limit to what people will put up with. 18:33 {Shouldst thou not?} (\ouk edei se?\) "Was it not necessary?" The king fits the cap on this wicked slave that he put on the poor debtor. http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/MT18.RWP.html (6 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:03:17 a.m.]

Word Pictures in the NT [Matthew: Chapter 18]. 18:34 {The tormentors} (\tois basanistais\). Not to prison simply, but to terrible punishment. The papyri give various instances of the verb \basaniz•\, to torture, used of slaves and others. "Livy (ii. 23) pictures an old centurion complaining that he was taken by his creditor, not into servitude, but to a workhouse and torture, and showing his back scarred with fresh wounds" (Vincent). {Till he should pay all} (\he•s [hou] apod•i pan\). Just as in verse 30, his very words. But this is not purgatorial, but punitive, for he could never pay back that vast debt. 18:35 {From your hearts} (\apo t•n kardi•n h–m•n\). No sham or lip pardon, and as often as needed. This is Christ's full reply to Peter's question in 18:21. This parable of the unmerciful servant is surely needed today. [Table of Contents] [Previous] [Next] http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/MT18.RWP.html (7 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:03:17 a.m.] Word Pictures in the New Testament (Matthew: Chapter 18)

<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Mat<strong>the</strong>w: Chapter 18].<br />

18:34 {The tormentors} (\tois basanistais\). Not to prison<br />

simply, but to terrible punishment. The papyri give various<br />

<strong>in</strong>stances of <strong>the</strong> verb \basaniz•\, to torture, used of slaves and<br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs. "Livy (ii. 23) pictures an old centurion compla<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g that<br />

he was taken by his creditor, not <strong>in</strong>to servitude, but to a<br />

workhouse and torture, and show<strong>in</strong>g his back scarred with fresh<br />

wounds" (V<strong>in</strong>cent). {Till he should pay all} (\he•s [hou] apod•i<br />

pan\). Just as <strong>in</strong> verse 30, his very words. But this is not<br />

purgatorial, but punitive, for he could never pay back that vast<br />

debt.<br />

18:35 {From your hearts} (\apo t•n kardi•n h–m•n\). No sham or<br />

lip pardon, and as often as needed. This is Christ's full reply<br />

to Peter's question <strong>in</strong> 18:21. This parable of <strong>the</strong> unmerciful<br />

servant is surely needed today.<br />

[Table of Contents]<br />

[Previous] [Next]<br />

http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/MT18.RWP.html (7 of 7) [28/08/2004 09:03:17 a.m.]<br />

<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>New</strong> <strong>Testament</strong><br />

(Mat<strong>the</strong>w: Chapter 18)

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