Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox
Word Pictures in the NT [Romans: Chapter 11] [Table of Contents] [Previous] [Next] 11:1 {I say then} (\leg• oun\). As in verse 11. \Oun\ looks back to 9:16-33 and 10:19-21. {Did God cast off?} (\m• ap•sato ho theos?\). An indignant negative answer is called for by \m•\ and emphasized by \m• genoito\ (God forbid). Paul refers to the promise in the O.T. made three times: 1Sa 12:22; Ps 94:14 (Ps 93:14 LXX); Ps 94:4. First aorist middle indicative (without augment) of \ap•the•\, to push away, to repel, middle, to push away from one as in Ac 7:27. {For I also} (\kai gar eg•\). Proof that not all the Jews have rejected Christ. See Php 3:5 for more of Paul's pedigree. 11:2 {Whom he foreknew} (\hon proegn•\). The same form and sense as in 8:29, which see. Probably the Hebrew sense of choice beforehand. The nation of Israel was God's chosen people and so all the individuals in it could not be cast off. {Wot ye not?} (\ouk oidate?\). "Know ye not?" Why keep the old English "wot"? {Of Elijah} (\en Elei•i\). "In the case of Elijah." Cf. "in the bush" (Mr 12:26). {He pleadeth} (\entugchanei\). See on ¯8:27. \Entugchan•\ means to happen on one and so to converse with (Ac 25:24), to plead for (Ro 8:27,34), to plead against as here with \kata\, but the "against" is in \kata\. 11:3 {They have digged down} (\kateskapsan\). First aorist active indicative of \kataskapt•\, to dig under or down. Old verb, here only in N.T. (critical text). LXX has \katheilan\ "pulled down." Paul has reversed the order of the LXX of 1Ki 19:10,14,18. {Altars} (\thusiast•ria\). Late word (LXX, Philo, Josephus, N.T. eccl. writers) from \thusiaz•\, to sacrifice. See Ac 17:23. {And I am left alone} (\kag• hupeleiphth•n monos\). First aorist passive indicative of \hupoleip•\, old word, to leave under or behind, here only in N.T. Elijah's mood was that of utter dejection in his flight from Jezebel. {Life} (\psuch•n\). It is not possible to draw a clear distinction between \psuch•\ (soul) and \pneuma\ (spirit). \Psuch•\ is from \psuch•\, to breathe or blow, \pneuma\ from \pne•\, to blow. Both are used for the personality and for the immortal part of man. Paul is usually dichotomous in his language, but sometimes trichotomous in a popular sense. We cannot hold Paul's terms to our modern http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/RO11.RWP.html (1 of 10) [28/08/2004 09:09:27 a.m.] Word Pictures in the New Testament (Romans: Chapter 11)
Word Pictures in the NT [Romans: Chapter 11] psychological distinctions. 11:4 {The answer of God} (\ho chr•matismos\). An old word in various senses like \chr•matiz•\, only here in N.T. See this use of the verb in Mt 2:12,22; Lu 2:26; Ac 10:22. {To Baal} (\t•i Baal\). Feminine article. In the LXX the name \Baal\ is either masculine or feminine. The explanation is that the Jews put _Bosheth_ (\aischun•\, shame) for Baal and in the LXX the feminine article occurs because \aischun•\ is so, though here the LXX has the masculine \t•i\. 11:5 {Remnant} (\limma\). Old word, but only here in N.T., but in papyri also and with this spelling rather than \leimma\. From \leip•\, to leave. {According to the election of grace} (\kat' eklog•n charitos\). As in 9:6-13. The election is all of God. Verse 6 explains it further. 11:6 {Otherwise} (\epei\). Ellipse after \epei\ (since), "since, in that case." {Is no more} (\ouketi ginetai\). "No longer becomes" grace, loses its character as grace. Augustine: _Gratia nisi gratis sit gratia non est_. 11:7 {What then?} (\ti oun?\). Since God did not push Israel away (verse 1), what is true? {The election} (\h• eklog•\). Abstract for concrete (the elect). {Obtained} (\epetuchen\). Second aorist active indicative of \epitugchan•\, old verb, to hit upon, only here in Paul. See 9:30-33 for the failure of the Jews. {Were hardened} (\ep•r•th•san\). First aorist passive indicative of \p•ro•\, late verb, to cover with thick skin (\p•ros\). See on 2Co 3:14; Mr 3:5. 11:8 {A spirit of stupor} (\pneuma katanuxe•s\). The quotation is a combination of De 19:4; Isa 29:10; 6:9f. This phrase is from Isa 29:10. \Katanuxis\ is a late and rare word from \katanuss•\, to prick or stick (Ac 2:37), in LXX, here only in N.T., one example in _Pelagia-Legende_. The torpor seems the result of too much sensation, dulled by incitement into apathy. {That they should not see} (\tou m• blepein\). Genitive articular infinitive of negative purpose. {That they should not hear} (\tou m• akouein\). So here also. See Stephen's speech (Ac 7:51f.). 11:9 {David says} (\Daueid legei\). From Ps 69:23f; (68:23f LXX); 34:8; 28:4 (combined quotation). {Table} (\trapeza\). For what is on the table, "a feast." {A snare} (\eis pagida\). From http://www.ccel.org/r/robertson_at/wordpictures/htm/RO11.RWP.html (2 of 10) [28/08/2004 09:09:27 a.m.]
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<strong>Word</strong> <strong>Pictures</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> NT [Romans: Chapter 11]<br />
psychological dist<strong>in</strong>ctions.<br />
11:4 {The answer of God} (\ho chr•matismos\). An old word <strong>in</strong><br />
various senses like \chr•matiz•\, only here <strong>in</strong> N.T. See this use<br />
of <strong>the</strong> verb <strong>in</strong> Mt 2:12,22; Lu 2:26; Ac 10:22. {To Baal} (\t•i<br />
Baal\). Fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e article. In <strong>the</strong> LXX <strong>the</strong> name \Baal\ is ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
mascul<strong>in</strong>e or fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e. The explanation is that <strong>the</strong> Jews put<br />
_Bosheth_ (\aischun•\, shame) for Baal and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> LXX <strong>the</strong><br />
fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e article occurs because \aischun•\ is so, though here <strong>the</strong><br />
LXX has <strong>the</strong> mascul<strong>in</strong>e \t•i\.<br />
11:5 {Remnant} (\limma\). Old word, but only here <strong>in</strong> N.T., but <strong>in</strong><br />
papyri also and with this spell<strong>in</strong>g ra<strong>the</strong>r than \leimma\. From<br />
\leip•\, to leave. {Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> election of grace} (\kat'<br />
eklog•n charitos\). As <strong>in</strong> 9:6-13. The election is all of God.<br />
Verse 6 expla<strong>in</strong>s it fur<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
11:6 {O<strong>the</strong>rwise} (\epei\). Ellipse after \epei\ (s<strong>in</strong>ce), "s<strong>in</strong>ce,<br />
<strong>in</strong> that case." {Is no more} (\ouketi g<strong>in</strong>etai\). "No longer<br />
becomes" grace, loses its character as grace. August<strong>in</strong>e: _Gratia<br />
nisi gratis sit gratia non est_.<br />
11:7 {What <strong>the</strong>n?} (\ti oun?\). S<strong>in</strong>ce God did not push Israel away<br />
(verse 1), what is true? {The election} (\h• eklog•\). Abstract<br />
for concrete (<strong>the</strong> elect). {Obta<strong>in</strong>ed} (\epetuchen\). Second aorist<br />
active <strong>in</strong>dicative of \epitugchan•\, old verb, to hit upon, only<br />
here <strong>in</strong> Paul. See 9:30-33 for <strong>the</strong> failure of <strong>the</strong> Jews. {Were<br />
hardened} (\ep•r•th•san\). First aorist passive <strong>in</strong>dicative of<br />
\p•ro•\, late verb, to cover with thick sk<strong>in</strong> (\p•ros\). See on<br />
2Co 3:14; Mr 3:5.<br />
11:8 {A spirit of stupor} (\pneuma katanuxe•s\). The quotation is<br />
a comb<strong>in</strong>ation of De 19:4; Isa 29:10; 6:9f. This phrase is from<br />
Isa 29:10. \Katanuxis\ is a late and rare word from<br />
\katanuss•\, to prick or stick (Ac 2:37), <strong>in</strong> LXX, here only <strong>in</strong><br />
N.T., one example <strong>in</strong> _Pelagia-Legende_. The torpor seems <strong>the</strong><br />
result of too much sensation, dulled by <strong>in</strong>citement <strong>in</strong>to apathy.<br />
{That <strong>the</strong>y should not see} (\tou m• blepe<strong>in</strong>\). Genitive articular<br />
<strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>itive of negative purpose. {That <strong>the</strong>y should not hear} (\tou<br />
m• akoue<strong>in</strong>\). So here also. See Stephen's speech (Ac 7:51f.).<br />
11:9 {<strong>David</strong> says} (\Daueid legei\). From Ps 69:23f; (68:23f<br />
LXX); 34:8; 28:4 (comb<strong>in</strong>ed quotation). {Table} (\trapeza\). For<br />
what is on <strong>the</strong> table, "a feast." {A snare} (\eis pagida\). From<br />
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