Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the NT [Romans: Chapter 5].
\kathist•mi\, old verb, to set down, to render, to constitute
(\katestath•san\, first aorist passive indicative,
\katastath•sontai\, future passive), and "the many" (\hoi
polloi\) in both cases (but with different meaning as with "all
men" above).
5:20 {Came in beside} (\pareis•lthen\). Second aorist active
indicative of double compound \pareiserchomai\, late verb, in
N.T. only here and Ga 2:4 which see. See also \eis•lthen\ in
verse 12. The Mosaic law came into this state of things, in
between Adam and Christ. {That the trespass might abound} (\hina
pleonas•i to parapt•ma\). It is usual to explain \hina\ here as
final, as God's ultimate purpose. So Denney who refers to Ga
3:19ff.; Ro 7:7f. But Chrysostom explains \hina\ here as
\ekbasis\ (result). This is a proper use of \hina\ in the _Koin•_
as we have seen. If we take it so here, the meaning is "so that
the trespass abounded" (aorist active subjunctive of \pleonas•\,
late verb, see on ¯2Th 1:3; 2Co 8:15). This was the actual
effect of the Mosaic law for the Jews, the necessary result of
all prohibitions. {Did abound more exceedingly}
(\hupereperisseusen\). First aorist active indicative of
\huperperisseu•\. Late verb, in N.T. only here and 2Co 7:4
which see. A strong word. If \pleonaz•\ is comparative (\pleon\)
\perisseu•\ is superlative (Lightfoot) and then \huperperisseu•\
goes the superlative one better. See \huperpleonaz•\ in 1Ti
1:14. The flood of grace surpassed the flood of sin, great as
that was (and is).
5:21 {That--even so grace might reign} (\hina--houtos kai h•
charis basileus•i\). Final \hina\ here, the purpose of God and
the goal for us through Christ. Lightfoot notes the force of the
aorist indicative (\ebasileusen\, established its throne) and the
aorist subjunctive (\basileus•i\, might establish its throne),
the ingressive aorist both times. "This full rhetorical close has
almost the value of a doxology" (Denney).
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
(Romans: Chapter 5)