Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the NT [Romans: Chapter 5].
but one understands Paul to mean that they are not held
responsible by the law of conscience. {A figure} (\tupos\). See
on ¯Ac 7:43; 1Th 1:7; 2Th 3:9; 1Co 10:6 for this word. Adam is a
type of Christ in holding a relation to those affected by the
headship in each case, but the parallel is not precise as Paul
shows.
5:15 {But not as the trespass} (\all' ouch h•s\). It is more
contrast than parallel: "the trespass" (\to parapt•ma\, the slip,
fall to one side) over against the free gift (\to charisma\, of
grace \charis\). {Much more} (\poll•i mallon\). Another _a
fortiori_ argument. Why so? As a God of love he delights {much
more} in showing mercy and pardon than in giving just punishment
(Lightfoot). The gift surpasses the sin. It is not necessary to
Paul's argument to make "the many" in each case correspond, one
relates to Adam, the other to Christ.
5:16 {Through one that sinned} (\di' henos hamart•santos\).
"Through one having sinned." That is Adam. Another contrast,
difference in source (\ek\). {Of one} (\ex henos\). Supply
\parapt•matos\, Adam's one transgression. {Of many trespasses}
(\ek poll•n parapt•mat•n\). The gift by Christ grew out of
manifold sins by Adam's progeny. {Justification} (\dikai•ma\).
Act of righteousness, result, ordinance (1:32; 2:26; 8:4),
righteous deed (5:18), verdict as here (acquittal).
5:17 {Much more} (\poll•i mallon\). Argument _a fortiori_ again.
Condition of first class assumed to be true. Note balanced words
in the contrast (transgression \parapt•mati\, grace \charitos\;
death \thanatos\, life \z••i\; the one or {Adam} \tou henos\, the
one {Jesus Christ}; reign \basileu•\ in both).
5:18 {So then} (\ara oun\). Conclusion of the argument. Cf.
7:3,25; 8:12, etc. Paul resumes the parallel between Adam and
Christ begun in verse 12 and interrupted by explanation
(13f.) and contrast (15-17). {Through one trespass} (\di'
henos parapt•matos\). That of Adam. {Through one act of
righteousness} (\di' henos dikai•matos\). That of Christ. The
first "unto all men" (\eis pantas anthr•pous\) as in verse 12,
the second as in verse 17 "they that receive, etc."
5:19 Here again we have "the one" (\tou henos\) with both Adam
and Christ, but "disobedience" (\parako•s\, for which see 2Co
10:6) contrasted with "obedience" (\hupako•s\), the same verb
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