Word Pictures in the New Testament - David Cox

Word Pictures in the NT [Romans: Chapter 1]
and nowhere else in the N.T. \Theot•s\ is Divine Personality,
\theiot•s\, Divine Nature and properties (Sanday and Headlam).
{Since the creation of the world} (\apo ktise•s kosmou\). He
means by God and unto God as antecedent to and superior to the
world (cf. Col 1:15f. about Christ). {Are clearly seen}
(\kathoratai\). Present passive indicative of \kathora•\
(perfective use of \kata-\), old word, only here in N.T., with
direct reference to \aorata\. {Being perceived} (\nooumena\).
Present passive participle of \noe•\, to use the \nous\
(intellect). {That they may be without excuse} (\eis to einai
autous anapolog•tous\). More likely, "so that they are without
excuse." The use of \eis to\ and the infinitive (with accusative
of general reference) for result like \h•ste\ is reasonably clear
in the N.T. (Moulton, _Prolegomena_, p. 219; Robertson,
_Grammar_, p. 1003). \Anapolog•tous\ is another verbal with \an\
from \apologeomai\. Old word, in N.T. only here and Ro 2:1
("inexcusable" here).
1:21 {Because that} (\dioti\). As in verse 19. {Knowing God}
(\gnontes ton theon\). Second aorist active participle of
\gin•sk•\, to know by personal experience. Definite statement
that originally men had some knowledge of God. No people, however
degraded, have yet been found without some yearning after a god,
a seeking to find the true God and get back to him as Paul said
in Athens (Ac 17:27). {Glorified not as God} (\ouch h•s theon
edoxasan\). They knew more than they did. This is the reason for
the condemnation of the heathen (2:12-16), the failure to do
what they know. {Their senseless heart} (\h• asunetos aut•n
kardia\). \Kardia\ is the most comprehensive term for all our
faculties whether feeling (Ro 9:2), will (1Co 4:5), intellect
(Ro 10:6). It may be the home of the Holy Spirit (Ro 5:5) or
of evil desires (1:24). See Mr 7:21f. for list of vices that
come "out of the heart." \Asunetos\ is a verbal adjective from
\suni•mi\, to put together, and \a\ privative, unintelligent, not
able to put together the manifest evidence about God (verse
20). So darkness settled down on their hearts (\eskotisth•\,
first aorist ingressive passive of \skotiz•\, to darken).
1:22 {Professing themselves to be wise} (\phaskontes einai
sophoi\). \Sophoi\ is predicate nominative with \einai\ in
indirect discourse agreeing with \phaskontes\ (old verb, from
\ph•mi\, to say, rare in N.T.) in case and number according to
regular Greek idiom (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1038). {Became
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