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18 Figure II-1. Hammath Tiberias synagogue: tripartite nave mosaic pavement. also Hammath Gader, Huseifa, and probably Yaphi‘a (Hachlili 1988: 347, 352-354, Scheme A; Figs. VIII.6, 7; IX.35, 39; XI, 1-6). This carpet has a field usually divided lengthwise into three (or seven at Sepphoris) rectangular carpets (bands or panels), each thematically distinct and appropriate to its position in the construction, in a recurring design and theme (scheme A) which is repeated on the different synagogue floors (figs II-1-8). The panels are usually divided into (a) a Jewish symbols panel, which is situated in front of the Torah shrine, (b) a central panel decorated with a zodiac chapter two Figure II-2. Sepphoris synagogue: seven-band nave mosaic pavement.
Figure II-3. Beth "Alpha synagogue: tripartite nave mosaic pavement. scheme, and (c) a third panel, sometimes with a biblical scene (or a geometric design). 1 This Jewish iconographic scheme of the tripartite panel design stimulates various queries as to the meaning and significance of each panel as well as the whole composition. Scholars have tried to interpret them in various ways: Roussin (1997: 93) states, ‘the overall composition of the synagogue pavements are analyzed in terms of the structure of the Sefer HaRazim the symbolism becomes clear. The lowest level represents the earthly realm, the Helios-in-zodiac panel in the center represents the celestial sphere, and in the highest sphere is the Torah Shrine panel, symbolic of the seventh firmament, where according 1 At Susiya the floor of the hall was divided into three panels (Gutman at el 1981: 126) of which the western part, almost completely destroyed, had three scenes, one of them the jewish symbols panel 19 Figure II-4. Na#aran synagogue: tripartite nave mosaic pavement. Daniel in the lion’s den; the central panel was originally a zodiac design and the eastern panel contained a geometric carpet.
Page 2 and 3: 294 glossary
Page 5 and 6: Ψ ή φ ο ς ס פ י ס פ Ancie
Page 7 and 8: contents To my beloved granddaughte
Page 9 and 10: contents CONTENTS List of Color Pla
Page 11 and 12: contents C Pastoral and Rural Scene
Page 13 and 14: list of color plates xi LIST OF COL
Page 15 and 16: list of color plates xiii V.4 Nilom
Page 17 and 18: list of color plates xv Mt. Nebo; g
Page 19 and 20: list of color plates xvii Authority
Page 21 and 22: list of figures xix LIST OF FIGURES
Page 23 and 24: list of figures xxi Figure IV-15. D
Page 25 and 26: list of figures xxiii Figure VIII-5
Page 27 and 28: list of figures xxv LIST OF TABLES
Page 29 and 30: foreword xxvii FOREWORD התדיב
Page 31 and 32: One of the most significant and fru
Page 33 and 34: pavement at Caesarea the word is sp
Page 35 and 36: mosaic pavements adorning buildings
Page 47: Introduction: Jewish Figurative Art
Page 51 and 52: to the Sefer HaRazim Yahoweh reside
Page 53 and 54: ut all served as repositories for t
Page 55 and 56: pomegranates and cups (Hachlili 200
Page 57 and 58: open ark with scrolls is depicted,
Page 59 and 60: are rendered in non-identical symme
Page 61 and 62: pavements of Samarian synagogues an
Page 63 and 64: of two columns surmounting an arche
Page 65 and 66: A group of ancient synagogues disco
Page 67 and 68: the zodiac panel and its significan
Page 75 and 76: the bust of the season Nisan (Sprin
Page 77 and 78: The Summer attributes, the sickle a
Page 79 and 80: Table III-1. Comparative chart of t
Page 81 and 82: Figure III-12. Part of a stone ceil
Page 83 and 84: A Roman villa at Odos Triakosion in
Page 85 and 86: the four seasons, representing the
Page 87 and 88: iblical narrative themes and images
Page 95 and 96: Noah’s Ark biblical narrative the
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iblical narrative themes and images
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Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
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Jonah biblical narrative themes and
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Page 125 and 126:
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Nilotic scenes are a recurrent them
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iconographic elements of nilotic sc
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I.1 Masada mosaic pavements: a. ant
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I.3 Jerusalem, Upper City, pavement
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II.1 Torah shrine panels on synagog
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II.3 Comparable shrines on Jordan m
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III.1 Hammath Tiberias synagogue zo
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III.3 Beth "Alpha synagogue zodiac
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III.5 Sun God on synagogue pavement
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III.7 Zodiac signs on synagogue pav
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III.9 Zodiac signs on synagogue pav
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III.11 The four seasons on synagogu
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IV.1 Binding of Isaac on synagogue
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IV.3 David-Orpheus on the Gaza syna
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IV.5 The Orpheus mosaic, Jerusalem.
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IV.7 Sepphoris synagogue, The Conse
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V.1 Nilotic scene at Beth Leontis,
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V.3 Nilotic scene at Sepphoris Nile
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eagle. Another Nilotic scene appear
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shown standing on the river bank as
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The depiction of a putto riding a c
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Table V.1. Nilotic Elements on Byza
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Nile Festival mosaic, with the addi
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The ‘inhabited scroll’ became o
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donkey. Lively animal chase scenes
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naturalistic in execution, and unli
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which contains objects flanked by s
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Figure VI-7. Group II: Jerusalem, t
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the outer ones; the second survivin
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Table VI-1a. Composition and Repert
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Group III consists of the mosaics e
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the ‘inhabited scrolls’ mosaic
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Figure VI-13. Beth She"an, Monaster
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Figure VI-15. Sede Nahum mosaic fra
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Table VI-2a. (Cont.) Mosaic Date ce
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Table VI-2b. (Cont.) Mosaic Date ce
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In the south aisle of St. George ch
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four amphorae in the centre of the
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On Jordanian mosaics, in the acanth
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to have grapes of both styles (pl.
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ightly observes that the different
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grape harvesting, pastoral, and hun
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Rural activities and pastoral scene
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Table VII.1. Vintage scenes on vine
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Figures Treading Grapes and the Pre
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The forerunners for these vintage s
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Snake and Mongoose Confrontation Th
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Table VII.2. Animal chase and comba
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iconographic aspects of rural life
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scenes are found in the mid-5th- to
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Table VII.3. Big Game Hunting scene
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likewise surround the basin of the
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the cathedral at Madaba (Piccirillo
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443, 455-6, 466) holds that this ty
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Personification is a common theme o
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Rivers of Paradise, but only two of
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irds, apparently created by the Fou
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in an intercolumnar space (Church o
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the seasons with deliberate differe
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personification of natural forces 1
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crook Spring’s attribute at the B
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personification of natural forces 1
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while in mosaics of the Greek East
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Moon, as the partner of Sun, is a b
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Animals in a repeated antithetic sy
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designs of symmetrical antithetic a
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(Ovadiah 1987: 105) and at the Naha
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a bear, a lion and a destroyed anim
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long-horned deer drinking from a sp
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iconoclasm on mosaic pavements of s
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A significant subject in ancient ar
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These compositions with division in
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frequent ornamentation of the synag
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(Ovadiah 1987: 68): A cross within
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Some scholars propose that depictio
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V.5 City representations: a. Beth L
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V.7 The sail boat: a. Beth Leontis,
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VI.1 Gaza synagogue pavement.
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VI.3 Jerusalem ‘Armenian’ churc
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VI.6-8 Petra Church: North Aisle mo
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VI.8
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VI.10 The church of the Deacon Thom
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VI.12 Amphorae depicted on inhabite
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VI.14 Bird of prey on inhabited vin
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VI.16 Baskets on inhabited vine scr
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VI.18 Vine leaves and bunches of gr
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VI.20 Subdued animals: a. Be’er S
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VII.2 Transporting grapes: a. El Ha
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VII.4 Flute player: a. Beth She’a
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VII.6 Snake and mongoose confrontat
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VII.8 Dog chasing hare/rabbit on ch
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Inhabited Vine Scrolls Pavements A
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similar in the general depiction of
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etween synagogue and church 233 Fig
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part are evidently connected: almos
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etween synagogue and church 237 Fig
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Mukhayyat (Bagatti 1949: 99, pl. 29
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time. They might have contained gen
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Artists, workshops and schools of m
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• The same artisans are mentioned
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1933: 146, No. 23, 8; 1934: 73 =198
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characteristically mixed origin of
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The Sepphoris Mosaicists The Seppho
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on horseback spearing a leopard wit
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Odysseus fighting the monster Scyll
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Figure XII-6. Hall A mosaic, Monast
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mosaicists, workshops, and the repe
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Dating The Monastery was dated by i
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connections with Egypt, and perhaps
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different themes based on comparabl
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esults were mosaics in the old Diak
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Jews toartists and craftsmen. Among
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epeated use was supplemented by fre
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of designs from general pattern boo
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concluding remarks, comments, and o
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Page 381 and 382:
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list of sites 289 LIST OF SITES Sit
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Site Date Centuries CE Jordan (Arab
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VII.10 Jabaliyah Diakonikon mosaic
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VII.12 Hunter/soldier on foot with
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VII.14 Feline with cub: a. Gaza syn
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VII.16 Shepherd: a. Be’er Shem‘
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VII.18 Figure leading camel: a. Kis
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VII.20 Fishing: a. Beth Loya, two e
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VIII.2 Seasons: a. Caesarea: Spring
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VIII.4 Beth She’an monastery, Hal
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IX.2 Flanking birds: a. Beth Shean,
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IX.4 a. Huseifa, unidentical menoro
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X.2 Susiya synagogue: a. panel Tora
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X.4 Jabaliyah church, north aisle.
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XI.2 Crosses on mosaic pavements: a
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XI.4 Tabgha, Church of the Multipli
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XII.2
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XII.4 Beth Leontis, Beth She’an:
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XII.6 Similarities between animals:
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XII.8 Similarities between animals
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glossary 293 GLOSSARY Aedicula Ston
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list of sites 295 ABBREVIATIONS ACR
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Abel, F. M. 1924 Décourvertes réc
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1969 Antike Mosaiken in Kilikien, I
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2001 The Nilometer, in Measuting an
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The Art of Byzantium and the Mediev
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1995 The Activity of the Mosaicists
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1971 The Secret of the ‘En Gedi I
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