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Tables (continued) 5 II...II;IIJ Table J42: Proclaimed KwaZulu townships administered by the KwaZulu Department of the Interior. 1993 •..•.••••.....•.•••...•... 148 Table J43: Joint Services Boards in NatallKwaZulu with their constituent local authorities. 1993 .•••...••..•.•...•...•••...••.••••... 152 Table J44: Some relevant statistics for Joint Services Boards in Natal/KwaZulu. 1992 ••••...•••..•••••...••••...••••....•...••••.. 157 Table J45: Civil protection organizations (including municipalities) in the Joint Services Board areas of Natal. 1993 . • . • • • . • . . . • • . • • • . . . . . •• 159
11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction 6 A wide range of information is presented in this chapter. The first part of the chapter concentrates on officially defined drainage catchments, as well as runoff and water demand data, plus sources of hydrological information and associated river data. The major dams in Natal/KwaZulu are listed in the next section, which is followed by a discussion of dam safety as well as the environmental impacts of dams and other water related infrastructure. The second part of the chapter deals with some legal aspects of water supply and demand. A number of water control systems are accordingly examined. The final part of the chapter describes the various local authorities and agencies responsible for the provision of domestic water supplies in Natal/KwaZulu. Also included is a brief overview of civil defence (protection) - as undertaken by local authorities - with special reference to floods. 10.2 Precipitation and runoff in NatallKwaZulu NatallKwaZulu is the most fortunate province of South Africa with regard to water resources (Table J1). A comparison of NatallKwaZulu's water budget with the whole of South Africa (Table J2) reveals that proportionately in the province, there is nearly twice as much total runoff (direct surface runoff and groundwater recharge) per unit of rainfall, than in South Africa. NatallKwaZulu with approximately 8% of the land area of South Africa, contributes 25% of South Africa's streamflow and 40% of the usable water resources (Schulze, 1979)*. * See Schulze, R.E., 1979. Hydrology and water resources of the Drakensberg, Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission Report, VOl 42, Pietermaritzburg, 179 p.
Page 1: A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
Page 4 and 5: Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
Page 7: lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
Page 11 and 12: Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
Page 13 and 14: Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
Page 16 and 17: 13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
Page 18 and 19: Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
Page 20 and 21: 17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
Page 22 and 23: 19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
Page 24 and 25: 21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
Page 26 and 27: 23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 28 and 29: 25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
Page 40: 37 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 43 and 44: IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
Page 45 and 46: 10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
Page 47: 111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
Page 52 and 53: 49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
Page 54 and 55: 51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
Page 56 and 57: 53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
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228 also obtainable from the Ground
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Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
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232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
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234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
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Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
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NOTES: 238
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239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
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12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
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243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
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Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
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Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
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1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
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lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
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* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
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260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
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* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
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Table L7: 267 Some South African In
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Table L7: 269 Some South African in
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Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
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276 concentrate on the provision of
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278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
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291 design phase of projects. Any a
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294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
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299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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301 Table L13: Specific training ag
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304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
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310 Table L15: A typology of social
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1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
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315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
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317 Table L18: Mean household size
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319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
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321 Table L19: Existing housing del
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323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
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NOTES: 325
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