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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Estimated annual water demand statistics for Natal/KwaZulu 110 6 m 3 ) (continued). Primary drainage region 1980 1990 2000 2010 Water for irrigation under control of irrigation boards W 62 79 189 225 V 31 33 35 38 U 28 40 54 70 T 1 1 1 1 Total 122 153 279 334 Water for private irrigation W 500 542 588 643 V 152 194 239 292 U 240 326 420 525 T 111 119 124 129 Total 1003 1 181 1371 1 589 Total water demand for Government irrigation schemes. irrigation boards and private irrigation W 661 741 833 938 V 202 250 302 364 U 280 378 487 608 T 158 178 195 218 Total 1301 1547 1817 2128 Water for stock watering W 16 16 17 19 V 14 15 16 17 U 5 8 10 14 T 25 28 311 34 Total 60 67 74 84
11111181111.1 50 Table J20: Estimated annual water demand statistics for NatallKwaZulu 110 6 m 3 ) (continued). Primary drainage region 1980 1990 2000 2010 Estimated reduction in runoff by forestry W 235 247 261 279 V 27 57 88 109 U 226 289 347 396 T 129 129 129 129 Total 617 722 825 913 Water for nature conservation W 5 5 5 5 V 0 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 0 T 0 0 0 0 Total 5 5 5 5 Water requirements for "estuaries" and lakes W 406 406 407 407 V 230 230 230 230 U 134 134 134 134 T 742 742 742 742 Total 1 512 1 512 1 513 1 513 Water requirements for environmental management Itotal of "estuaries". lakes and nature conservation) W 411 411 411 411 V 230 230 230 230 U 134 134 134 134 T 742 742 742 742 Total 1 517 1 517 1 517 1 517
Page 1: A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
Page 4 and 5: Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
Page 7 and 8: lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
Page 9 and 10: 11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
Page 11 and 12: Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
Page 13 and 14: Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
Page 16 and 17: 13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
Page 18 and 19: Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
Page 20 and 21: 17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
Page 22 and 23: 19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
Page 24 and 25: 21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
Page 26 and 27: 23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 28 and 29: 25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
Page 40: 37 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
Page 43 and 44: IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
Page 45 and 46: 10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
Page 47: 111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
Page 54 and 55: 51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
Page 56 and 57: 53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
Page 58 and 59: 55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
Page 60 and 61: 57 large catchments data. The Centr
Page 62 and 63: 59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
Page 64 and 65: Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
Page 66 and 67: 63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
Page 68 and 69: 65 Table J24: Department of Water A
Page 82 and 83: 79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
Page 84 and 85: 81 Station closed Station closed U2
Page 86 and 87: 83 Station Drainage region Station
Page 88 and 89: 85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
Page 90 and 91: 87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
Page 92: 89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
Page 95: 111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
Page 98 and 99: Table J28: Some relevant data on se
Page 101 and 102:
IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
Page 103 and 104:
100 the respective departments at P
Page 105 and 106:
1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
Page 107 and 108:
104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
Page 109 and 110:
Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
Page 111 and 112:
1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
Page 113 and 114:
110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
Page 117 and 118:
114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
Page 119 and 120:
116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
Page 121 and 122:
IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
Page 123 and 124:
1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
Page 129 and 130:
111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
Page 131 and 132:
Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
Page 133:
Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
Page 136 and 137:
133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
Page 138 and 139:
135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
Page 140 and 141:
Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
Page 142 and 143:
139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
Page 150 and 151:
147 Table J40: Administrative regio
Page 152 and 153:
149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
Page 154 and 155:
151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
Page 156 and 157:
153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
Page 159 and 160:
156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
Page 161 and 162:
158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
Page 163 and 164:
Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
Page 167 and 168:
11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
Page 169 and 170:
tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
Page 171 and 172:
Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
Page 173:
Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
Page 178 and 179:
174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
Page 180 and 181:
176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
Page 183 and 184:
179 a particular site, then a stati
Page 185 and 186:
181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
Page 187 and 188:
183 good. with a total dissolved so
Page 189 and 190:
(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
Page 191 and 192:
187 Table K1: Some geological forma
Page 193 and 194:
189 fault-bounded blocks, although
Page 195 and 196:
191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
Page 197 and 198:
193 coarse and the latter, fine and
Page 199 and 200:
195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
Page 202 and 203:
11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
Page 205 and 206:
201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
Page 207 and 208:
203 boreholes are drilled for both
Page 209 and 210:
205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
Page 211 and 212:
207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
Page 213 and 214:
(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
Page 215:
Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
Page 218:
214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
Page 222 and 223:
JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
Page 224 and 225:
i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
Page 226 and 227:
222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
Page 228 and 229:
1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
Page 230 and 231:
226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
Page 232 and 233:
228 also obtainable from the Ground
Page 234 and 235:
Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
Page 236 and 237:
232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
Page 238 and 239:
234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
Page 240 and 241:
Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
Page 242 and 243:
NOTES: 238
Page 244 and 245:
239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
Page 246 and 247:
12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
Page 248 and 249:
243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
Page 250 and 251:
Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
Page 252 and 253:
Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
Page 254:
249 111111:llllltJI Source: After A
Page 257 and 258:
1111111118.1 252 Table L4: Some per
Page 259 and 260:
lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
Page 261 and 262:
* 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
Page 263 and 264:
1111...11 (iii) 258 Home Glasson Pa
Page 265 and 266:
260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
Page 267 and 268:
* ** 262 are in agreement with cons
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Table L7: Some South African indust
Page 272 and 273:
Table L7: 267 Some South African In
Page 274 and 275:
Table L7: 269 Some South African in
Page 276 and 277:
Table L7: 271 Some South African In
Page 278 and 279:
Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
Page 281 and 282:
276 concentrate on the provision of
Page 283:
278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 286 and 287:
Table L9: 281 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 288 and 289:
Table L9: 283 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
Page 291 and 292:
286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
Page 293 and 294:
IIIRlmlllillS 12.4.2 Durban Metro W
Page 296:
291 design phase of projects. Any a
Page 299 and 300:
294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
Page 301:
11111111111911 296 • Energy Resea
Page 304 and 305:
299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
Page 306:
301 Table L13: Specific training ag
Page 309 and 310:
304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
Page 312:
307 Table L14: A spatial typology o
Page 315 and 316:
310 Table L15: A typology of social
Page 317:
1111111..11 312 Table L15: A typolo
Page 320 and 321:
315 114,[llll1\'1 Table L16: Some s
Page 322 and 323:
317 Table L18: Mean household size
Page 324 and 325:
319 Illil;JJtllllll Table L19: Exis
Page 326 and 327:
321 Table L19: Existing housing del
Page 328 and 329:
323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
Page 330 and 331:
NOTES: 325
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