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309 period 1970 - 1980. Some 320000 shacks in informal settlements in the region need to be replaced with serviced sites or upgraded. Approximately 300 000 new dwelling units are likewise required in the Durban Functional Region in the next 10 years*. Overall. NatallKwaZulu constituting 8% of the land area of South Africa. is home to 21 % of the total South African population (Cooper et ill. 1993). (v) According to Wilkins and Hofmeyr (1994. quoted in Hindson and McCarthy. 1994)** the estimated distribution of the black population in NatallKwaZulu in 1992 was as follows: formal settlements in the Durban-Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Axis (24.7%); formal settlements in or adjacent to small and medium towns (3.8%); informal settlements in the Durban-Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Axis (16.7%); informal settlements in or adjacent to other towns (5.1 %). and transitional urbanizing settlements in rural areas (4.3%). The total urban settlement component was 54.6% with the remainder of the black population resident in rural areas. Problems of definition are always apparent in such estimates. Hindson and McCarthy observed that for densely inhabited transitional settlements in rural areas. it is not clear where the "rural" landscape ends and a dense "rural settlement" begins. * Such information may be incorrect. Surveys undertaken in 1995/96 in the Durban Metropolitan Area. by the Information Branch of the Urban Strategy Department (Durban Corporation), imply that previous population data for the Metropolitan Area have been overestimates and that there are approximately 1 200 000 residents fewer than estimated. (Note that the Durban Metropolitan Area covering 1 300 km Z is somewhat smaller than the Durban Functional Region). Less people per dwelling and a trend towards smaller nuclear families (termed decompression as opposed to compressionl. was evident from the survey data. A smaller population and a reduced population growth rate (especially in the peri-urban areas and in the informal settlements), has obvious implications for infrastructure delivery and health services. Some of the survey data are available in a Geographic Information System (GIS\ database. May \1993 - above) has also questioned the accuracy of regional population statistics, as well as estimates of the entire South African population. * * See Hindson. D. and McCarthy. J., 1994. Chapter 1. Defining and gauging the problem, In: Hindson. D. and McCarthy, J. (eds). Here to Stay: Informal Settlements in KwaZulu-Natal. Indicator Press. Durban, p. 1 - 28., as well as Graaff, J.F. de V., 1987. The present state of urbanization in the South African homelands: rethinking the concepts and predicting the future, Development Southern Africa, VOl4(1), p. 46 - 66.• plus Todes, A.• 1994. Urbanization and urban management in KwaZulu Natal, Development Southern Africa, VOL 11 (4), p. 541- 555. See in addition: Geyer, H.S. and Du Plessis. D.J., 1994. Existence level differences and spatial industrial restructuring in South Africa: RDP imperatives. Development Southern Africa, VOL 11(4), p. 599 - 616., and Dewar, D., 1994. Reconstructing the South African countryside: the small towns. Development Southern Africa. VOl 11(3). p. 351 - 362. A useful overview ofurbanization is the following: Gelderblom. D. and Kok, P., 1994. Urbanization: South Africa's Challenge, VOL 1: Dvnamics, HSRC Publishers, Pretoria, 318 p., as well as Kok, P. and Gelderblom, D., 1994. Urbanization: South Africa's Challenoe, VOL 2: Planning, HSRC Publishers, Pretoria, 334 p.
310 Table L15: A typology of social categories in the informal urban fringe surrounding Durban. Category Description 1. Original or earlier settlers: owners Such a population group with a rural orientation. has traditional land tenure rights and comprises 10 - 15 % of the total population in the urban fringe. This home-owning group is a relatively affluent social elite. occupying larger sites and with the resources to develop the sites. The residents are permanent with children likely to be formally employed. Some houses are occupied by the children of these early settlers 2. Original or earlier settlers: landlords This permanent group comprising some 5 - 7.5% of the total urban fringe population. shares many characteristics with the first group. A major difference is the presence of shack-dwelling tenants ("shack-farming"' on their properties. as a means of increasing income and status. The group tends to have high prestige and sociall political power. although they are sometimes resented 3. Urban overspill: tenants 4. Urban overspill: female tenants The group forming 20 - 25% of the urban fringe population. consists of permanent residents often employed in the formal sector. The group is composed inter alia of the children of residents in formal townships who cannot find accommodation. or township residents requiring larger. cheaper or more flexible accommodation. There. is a desire to return to the formal townships if suitable accommodation is available. This category includes householders who may have a house in a formal township. but who need other accommodation for a second wife or relatives from a rural area This permanent category is essentially the same as the above. comprising 10 -1 5% of the urban fringe population. The group consists primarily of households headed by women including older widows. divorcees. or unmarried mothers unable to find accommodation in a formal township. Also included in this group are some professional women such as nurses
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310<br />
Table L15: A typology <strong>of</strong> social categories in the informal urban fringe surrounding<br />
Durban.<br />
Category Description<br />
1. Original or earlier settlers: owners Such a population group with a rural orientation.<br />
has traditional land tenure rights and comprises<br />
10 - 15 % <strong>of</strong> the total population in the urban<br />
fringe. This home-owning group is a relatively<br />
affluent social elite. occupying larger sites and<br />
with the resources to develop the sites. The<br />
residents are permanent with children likely to be<br />
formally employed. Some houses are occupied<br />
by the children <strong>of</strong> these early settlers<br />
2. Original or earlier settlers: landlords This permanent group comprising some 5 - 7.5%<br />
<strong>of</strong> the total urban fringe population. shares many<br />
characteristics with the first group. A major<br />
difference is the presence <strong>of</strong> shack-dwelling<br />
tenants ("shack-farming"' on their properties. as<br />
a means <strong>of</strong> increasing income and status. The<br />
group tends to have high prestige and sociall<br />
political power. although they are sometimes<br />
resented<br />
3. Urban overspill: tenants<br />
4. Urban overspill: female tenants<br />
The group forming 20 - 25% <strong>of</strong> the urban fringe<br />
population. consists <strong>of</strong> permanent residents <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
employed in the formal sector. The group is<br />
composed inter alia <strong>of</strong> the children <strong>of</strong> residents<br />
in formal townships who cannot find<br />
accommodation. or township residents requiring<br />
larger. cheaper or more flexible accommodation.<br />
There. is a desire to return to the formal<br />
townships if suitable accommodation is available.<br />
This category includes householders who may<br />
have a house in a formal township. but who need<br />
other accommodation for a second wife or<br />
relatives from a rural area<br />
This permanent category is essentially the same<br />
as the above. comprising 10 -1 5% <strong>of</strong> the urban<br />
fringe population. The group consists primarily <strong>of</strong><br />
households headed by women including older<br />
widows. divorcees. or unmarried mothers unable<br />
to find accommodation in a formal township.<br />
Also included in this group are some pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
women such as nurses
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