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277 11111:[.1111111 Africa. Five core documents should be carefully examined by readers in search of background information on the RDp·. 12.4 Water and sanitation planning in black urban areas of NatallKwaZulu 12.4.1 RSA-KwaZulu Development Project guidelines The technical co-ordinators of the RSA-KwaZulu Development Project, namely, Van Wyk and Louw Inc. (now Africon Engineering International Ltd), PO Box 1319, Westville, 3630, compiled a series of guidelines/standards for the upgrading of existing areas; and for the planning of new residential suburbs and towns in black settled areas. The guidelines have importantimplications for the design of water and sanitation infrastructure, including water demand. The guidelines were developed from the so-called "Blue book" and the "Green book", produced by the (former) Department of Community Development and the (former) Department of Development Aid respectively··. Planning guidelines provided by the RSA-KwaZulu Development Project concern inter alia amenities (Table La); secondly, infrastructure options (Table L9) and thirdly, water consumption guidelines (Table L10). Department of Community Development water demand (design) data are presented in Table L11. • •• See African National Congress, 1994. The Reconstruction and Development Programme: a Policy Framework. Umanyano Publications, Johannesburg, 147 p., as well as'Anonymous, 1994. RDP White Paper: discussion document, IGovemment Printer], [Pretoria], 60 p., and Anonymous, 1994. White Paper on Reconstruction and Development, WPJ/1994, Government Gazette No. 16085 of the 23rd November 1994, Government Printer, Pretoria, 81 p. (Government Notice GN 1954/94). See in addition, the RDP Monitor, published by Stock Infonnation Services Ltd, PO Box 938, Pinegowrie, 2123. The monthly publication (VOL 1(1), June/July/August 1994 - current), provides brief details on both national and international media coverage of the RDP, with editorial comment. Examine also, RDP News, a monthlylbi-monthly compendium of RDP projects and news (No. 1, January 1995 - current), published by the South African Communication Service, Private Bag X745, Pretoria, 0001. Further infonnation on the RDP can be obtained through the perusal of newspaper columns. In this regard. it should be noted that the University of the Orange Free State provides a cuttings service (known as INCHIINEG), based on 85 South African newspapers and journals (see Table B7 in Chapter 2). Contact the Institute for Contemporary History, PO Box 2320, Bloemfontein, 9300. The Regional Research and Reporting Corporation, PO Box 13060,Clubview, 0014, publishes Focus, a monthly collation of important press cuttings on political, economic and social news, drawn from 10 South African newspapers. The latter Department assumed some of the housing functions of the Department of Community Development, following the Department's closure in 1983. The Department of Development Aid was first known as the Department of Native Affairs, thereafter the Department of Bantu Administration and Development, then the Department of Plural Relations and Development, and was subsequently known as the Department of Co-operation and Development. The Department was dissolved in December 1991.
278 Table L8: RSA-KwaZulu Development Project planning guidelines/standards for amenities in terms of the upgrading of existing areas. and for the establishment of new black (urban) residential sites and towns in Natal/KwaZulu. 1990. Civic/cultural amenities Amenity Details Town centre One per town Community centrelhall One per community Local administration office One per community Central administration office One per town Ubrary One per 3 - 5 communities Municipal depot One per town Rre station One per town Cemetery As per formula - see Anonymous (1985 - below) Neighbourhood clinic One per community Major clinic (24 hours) One per 5 000 residential sites Community hospital One per town Regional hospital Police station Court building Prison One per region One per town One per town One per region Post office One per 3 - 5 communities Telephone exchange Pra-primary school One per 20 000 residential sites One per 500 residential sites Primary school (assuming 1 000 pupils One per 650 residential sites (high sociowith 28 classrooms, and one multi- economic status) purpose centre) One per 550 residential sites (middle socioeconomic status) Secondary school (assuming 1 000 pupils with 42 classrooms) One per 500 residential sites (Iow socioeconomic status) One per 1 300 residential sites (high socioeconomic status) One per 1 375 residential sites (middle socioeconomic status) One per 1 500 residential sites (Iow socioeconomic status)
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
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10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
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111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
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51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
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11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
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tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
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Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
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Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
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174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
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176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
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179 a particular site, then a stati
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181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
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183 good. with a total dissolved so
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(iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
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187 Table K1: Some geological forma
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189 fault-bounded blocks, although
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191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
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193 coarse and the latter, fine and
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195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
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11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
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201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
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203 boreholes are drilled for both
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205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
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207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
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(a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
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Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
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214 Table K5: The number of ephemer
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JJI...lllJll 218 (h) Some of the wa
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i'•••liDl Group E: Pure water
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222 Bond, Van Wyk proposed the foll
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1[11....11.,1 224 (b) Chlorides are
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226 Source: Edwards, T.J., 1989. Pe
Page 232 and 233: 228 also obtainable from the Ground
Page 234 and 235: Ill1••lll1l 230 • Hofkes, EH.
Page 236 and 237: 232 • Vegter, J.R., 1995. Groundw
Page 238 and 239: 234 • Meyer, R. and Godfrey, l.,
Page 240 and 241: Springs 236 • Africa Co-operative
Page 242 and 243: NOTES: 238
Page 244 and 245: 239 CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNI
Page 246 and 247: 12.1 Introduction 241 111'1&111111
Page 248 and 249: 243 rilliltl.'ll water consumption
Page 250 and 251: Table L2: Cattle 245 study of reduc
Page 252 and 253: Note: (j) (ii) (iii) 247 Animal wat
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Page 259 and 260: lillll.'.II' 254 high income. Iow d
Page 261 and 262: * 256 to obtain. Difficulties inclu
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Page 265 and 266: 260 Table L6: Some typical domestic
Page 267 and 268: * ** 262 are in agreement with cons
Page 270 and 271: Table L7: Some South African indust
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Page 274 and 275: Table L7: 269 Some South African in
Page 276 and 277: Table L7: 271 Some South African In
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Page 291 and 292: 286 the Green book, namely, Anonymo
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Page 296: 291 design phase of projects. Any a
Page 299 and 300: 294 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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Page 304 and 305: 299 11111111111111 Table l13: Speci
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Page 309 and 310: 304 Road and Umlazi (Durban); Pinet
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Page 315 and 316: 310 Table L15: A typology of social
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Page 322 and 323: 317 Table L18: Mean household size
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Page 328 and 329: 323 1IIIi!:lil.'11 a month, and a s
Page 330 and 331: NOTES: 325
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