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Table L7:
267
Some South African Industrial water consumption data Including wastawater quality information (continued).
Industry Details
Sorghum malt and baar Thirty-three sorghum breweries are found in South Africa producing 1,1 x 10 6 m 3 of beer each year, with an
Industry annual water consumption of 2,75 x 10 6 m 3 . Sorghum maltsters annually produce some 185 400 t of malt,
consuming approximately 630 000 m 3 of water. The mean SWI was 3,4 m 3 of water per tonne of malt, and
2,6 m 3 of water (:ler m 3 of beer produced. A target SWI of 3,0 m 3 of water per tonne (for large or mechanized
maltsters); 7,0 m 3 of water per tonne for small maltsters (with a monthly production of less than 300 tl, and
2,0 m 3 of water per m 3 of beer for breweries, was recommended. Wastewater volumes discharged for brewing
and malting were 62% and 84% of the total water intake respectively. The SPL was determined as 8,6 kg COD
per tonne of malt and 5,2 kg COD per m 3 of beer produced. A target SPL of 7,0 kg COD per tonne of malt and
6,0 kg COD per m 3 of beer produced, was suggested
Wine Industry
The South African wine industry consists of several industrial operations mainly involved with the processing of
grapes to a variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic products. The data below refer primarily to plants which use
considerable volumes of water. Some 1,0 x 10 6 t of;.r?fes are produced annually in South Africa. Most of the
crop is fermented to produce approximately 0,9 x 10 m of wine on an annual basis, of which some 60% is
subsequently distilled to spirit products. The SWI in wine making operations varied from 700 • 3 800 E per
tonne of grapes (or 800 - 4 400 E per m 3 of wine processed). Most of the water is used for cellar cooling and
to wash the floors and equipment. For spirit distillation, SWI values ranged from 1,8 - 6,2 E per litre of absolute
alcohol produced, where most of the water is used to raise steam, for cooling purposes, and to wash floors and
equipment. The SWI variability reflects the scale or size of the particular operation as well as the range of
activities at the plant, and the method of bottling and packaging used. SPL values for wine making varied from
1,7 • 6,6 kg COD per tonne, and 96 - 146 kg COD per tonne for spirit distillation. Solid wastes mainly concern
the pips and skins of the grapes, where one tonne of harvested grapes generates approximately 0,11 tonnes of
solid waste which is returned to the land