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are in agreement with consumption figures for the Valley Trust area.
An (overallJ bimodal daily water demand pattern is generally evident
at water sources in rural and peri-urban KwaZulu, with peaks in the
early morning and early-mid afternoon (where water is available some
distance from the household). An average of three water collecting
trips per day is undertaken by rural and peri-urban households, which
may involve up to three hours (or more) in total. Longer periods of
daylight result in withdrawals beginning earlier and ending later inthe
day. Water is not fetched at night. Of the per capita consumption
of 15,6 i day-1, probably up to 5 i day-1 is used for cooking and
food preparation, with up to 8 i day-1 being used for all washing
purposes (bearing in mind the reuse of water). The balance is used
for drinking needs. In terms of drought planning, a minimum supply
of 15 i capita- 1 day-1 at a 100% assurance level (for all
requirements) has been suggested for rural households (Maaren,
1993)*. The World Health Organization recommended a design
minimum of 50 i capita- 1 day-1 with a (reasonable access) distance
to a standpipe of 200 m in urban areas. In the Transkei, a design
criterion of 35 - 50 i capita- 1 day-1 was adopted for reticulated
supplies in rural villages (Kruger, 1982 - above). Feachem et al
(1978 - above) recommended a design supply of 30 i capita- 1 day-1
for rural areas in Lesotho, which would apply for a decade. Alcock
(1984)** suggested a design consumption of 25 i capita- 1 day-1
for the Inadi Ward, for the period 1982 - 1992.
Few data are available on the number of households or individuals
usually dependent on a given external water source in rural and periurban
KwaZulu. Alcock (1987 and 1989 - above) recorded the
following dependency ratios (including standpipes and kiosks in the
Durban Functional Region);
See Maaren, H., 1993. Low-flow hydrology workshop: proceedings, Water Research Commission,
Pretoria, 16 p.
See Alcock, P.G., 1984. A water supply strategy for the Inadi Ward, Vulindlela District, KwaZulu,
M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of South Africa, Pretoria, 214 p.