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Table L6: Some typical domestic water consumption data for black households in
South Africa.
Source Range in mean daily water consumption
If capita-')
River, dam, spring, well, borehole, street 9 - 50
standpipe and kiosk (250 m - 3 km to
source)
Standpipe in yard or one tap in household 30 - 80
(no waterbome sanitation) .
Multiple tap households lunmetered and 180 - 300
metered) including some waterborne
sanitation
Source: .Fieldwork.
See also: lil Alcock. P.G.• 1987. Domestic water supplies in non-urban KwaZulu:
existing water systems, Occasional Publication No. 8, Department of
Crop Science, University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg. 100 p.
liil Alcock. P.G •• 1989. Water supply systems for the Ximba Ward of
KwaZulu: a proposed strategy. Occasional Publication No. 9.
Department of Crop Science. University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg.
128 p.
(iiil Division of Water Technology. CSIR. 1993. Part 1: Guidelines on the
cost effectiveness of rural water supply and sanitation projects.
35 p. Part 2: Guidelines on the technology for and management of
rural water supply and sanitation projects. 191 p. + app.• WRC
Report No. 231/1/93, Water Research Commission. Pretoria.
liv) Feachem, R.• Burns, E., Cairncross, S., Cronin, A., Cross, P., Curtis,
D.• Khalid Khan. M.• Lamb. D. and Southall. H.. 1978. Water.
Health and Development: an Interdisciplinary Evaluation, Tri-Med
Books, London, 267 p.
(v) Van Schalkwyk. A., 1996. Guidelines for the estimation of domestic
water demand of developing communities in the northern Transvaal,
WRC Report No. 480/1/96, Water Research Commission, Pretoria,
113 p.
Note: lil A considerable range in consumption data can be found in the South
African literature. The above table provides an estimate of the
overall consumption pattern (excluding extreme scenarios).
(ii) Daily consumption in rural and peri-urban areas, where water must
be fetched from a distant external source and carried back to the
household in 20 or 25 t containers - balanced on the head or placed
in a wheelbarrow - tends to be at a minimum or subsistence level.
Several factors influence daily per capita or household consumption