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Table L2:
Cattle
245
study of reduced water and electricity consumption by visitors to the
Park (with widespread ramifications), is the following: Preston, G.,
1994. The effects of a user-pays approach, and resource-saving
measures, on water and electricity use by visitors to the Kruger
National Park, South African Journal of Science, VOL 90(11/12),
p. 558 - 561.
(v) Some health implications of very brackish water ingested by game
are briefly discussed in: Bothma, J. du P. (ed). 1989. Game Ranch
Management: a Practical Guide on All Aspects of Purchasing,
Planning, Development, Management and Utilization of a Modern
Game Ranch in Southern Africa. J.L. Van Schaik, Pretoria, 672 p.
(An updated and revised edition of the book was published in 1996l.
A broad overview of water consumption by livestock.
Species Body mass Condition Water consumption
(kg) (I day"l
4 weeks 51 Growing 4,9 - 5,7
8 weeks 69 Growing 6,1 - 7,6
12 weeks 93 Growing 8,7 - 9,5
16 weeks 119 Growing 11,7-13,2
20 weeks 148 Growing 15,1 -17,0
26 weeks 189 Growing 17,0 - 22,7
60 weeks 353 Growing 22,7 - 30,3
84 weeks 464 Pregnant 30,3 - 37,9
1 - 2 years 454 - 544 Fattening 30,3 - 34,1
2 - 8 years 544 -726 lactating 37,9 - 94,6
2 - 8 years 544 -726 Grazing 17,0 - 34,1
Swine 14 Growing 1,1 -3,8
27 - 36 Growing 2,6 - 4,5
36 - 57 Growing 3,8 - 7,6
91 - 181 Maintenance 5,7 - 13,2
91 - 181 Pregnant 15,1 - 18,9
91 - 181 lactating 18,9 - 24,6