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12.1 Introduction
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The aim of this chapter is to provide selected core information on water supply planning ­
and to some extent sanitation - with special reference to urban areas in South Africa.
Additional information relevant to the discussion can be found in the chapter on the
surface water resources of Natal/KwaZulu. as well as in the chapters on groundwater.
solid waste management, sanitation, and health. The present chapter is divided into three
parts. The first section examines animal, domestic and industrial water consumption, as
a prelude to a brief overview of certain design guidelines for water (and sanitation)
planning. Some training programmes in terms of water and sanitation are then described.
The final section deals with a number of related issues, namely. demographic information.
settlement categories and housing systems.
The Water Research Commission has released a number of reports dealing with various
aspects of the planning and design of (mainly urban) water supply systems in South
Africa*. Readers requiring an holistic perspective should carefully examine the reports
which cover a number of topics including overall future water demand patterns; policies
for infrastructure delivery and international perspectives on the provision of services; the
cost of water systems and methods of financing, as well as some macro-economic
*
See Palmer Development Group. 1994. Water and sanitation inurban areas: financial and institutional
review, Report 1. Overview of institutional and financial arrangements in water supply and sanitation,
with a focus on the urban areas of South Africa, WRC Report No. 57111/94, Water Research
Commission, Pretoria, 231 p. + app., plus Palmer Development Group, 1994. Water and sanitation
in urban areas: financial and institutional review. Report 2. Overview of the demand for and costs
of water supply and sanitation services in South Africa, WRC Report No. 571/2/94, Water Research
Commission, Pretoria, 22 p. + app., and Palmer Development Group, 1994. Water and sanitation
in urban areas: financial and institutional review, Report 3. Meeting the demand for water and
sanitation services: getting it right in the transition, WRC Report No. 57113/94, Water Research
Commission, Pretoria, 101 p. + app., as well as Palmer Development Group, 1994. Water and
sanitation in urban areas: financial and institutional review, Report 4. International perspectives ­
some lessons for South Africa from England, France, Italy, Brazil and Botswana and some information
on external funding agencies, WRC Report No. 571/4/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria,
35 p., read together with Palmer Development Group, 1994. Water and sanitation in urban areas:
financial and institutional review, Report 5. Macro-economic sketch - asketch of the macro-economic
implications of major investment in the (domestic) urban water and sanitation sector, WRC Report
No. 571/5/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, 40 p., and finally, Palmer Development Group,
1994. Water and sanitation in urban areas: financial and institutional review, Report 6. Summary
report, WRC Report No. 57116/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, 59 p. See also, Palmer, land
Eberhard, R., 1994. Evaluation of water supply to developing urban communities in South Africa,
Phase 1 - overview, WRC Report No. KV 49/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, various pages,
as well as Palmer, I. and Eberhard, R., 1995. Evaluation of water supply to developing urban
communities: summary report, WRC Report No. KV 73/95, Water Research Commission, Pretoria,
81 p. See in addition: Palmer Development Group, 1994. Water and sanitation in urban areas: survey
ofon-site conditions, WRC Report No. 56111/94, Water Research Commission, Pretoria. 63 p. + app.