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214 Table K5: The number of ephemeral and perennial springs on white. Indian or Coloured owned or managed farms in Natal. 1960 (continued). Magisterial district Number of springs Total number of ephemeral springs perennial springs springs Pietermaritzburg 145 395 540 Pinetown 98 230 328 Polela 126 575 701 Port Shepstone 291 399 690 Richmond 332 1043 1 375 Ubombo 9 0 9 Umvoti 325 1206 1531 Umzinto 273 704 977 Underberg 263 1795 2058 Utrecht 777 2029 2806 Vryheid 569 1 651 2220 . Weenen 120 216 336 Total 10907 30529 41436 Mean number of springs 266,0 744,6 1 010,6 per district Range in springs for all 0- 1 121 0-2360 0-3317 districts Overall spring density of 0,25 0,69 0,93 farm area (km- 2 ) Source: After Anonymous, 1964. Report on agricultural and pastoral production 1959 - 60, South Africa and South West Africa: No. 4. agricultural machinery, implements, equipment and vehicles; fertilizers and soil dressings; irrigation and water supply; expenditure incurred in connection with farming operations; wages and salaries, Agricultural Census No. 34, Bureau of Statistics, Pretoria, 164 p. Note: (i) The number of springs listed may constitute a considerable underestimate, since counts as far as can be determined. were based on farmers' responses and not on scientific water resources surveys. Nevertheless, spring numbers illustrate trends in the various districts indicative of rainfall, geology. topography and land use patterns. Based on the data and excluding black settled areas, Natal has the highest spring density of all the provinces.
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A WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION SY
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Contents 1 11111111111:1&11 CHAPTER
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lillllllllllll.'. Tables (continued
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11111111];11,,11. 10.1 Introduction
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Table J2: Water budgets for Natal/K
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Table J4: Overall gradient distribu
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13 111.IJJ1111111 (when runoff: rai
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Table J7: 15 Hi) A small part of Kw
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17 1\11••111;[11. Table J7: App
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19 TableJ8: Hydrological Research U
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21 11111••111111111 TableJ9: Cr
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23 Table J10: Areas. mean annual pr
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25 1111III1I11,rllll Table J10: Are
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IlfllllllllllJJilll 40 Table J12: K
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10.6 Runoff models 42 Models are no
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111I111'llll1JII 10.9 The variabili
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49 lil11l1tllll;lllll Table J20: Es
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51 Table J20: Estimated annual wate
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53 Table J22: Estimated annual wate
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55 Ijlllltl1llflll (ii) Considerabl
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57 large catchments data. The Centr
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59 1111111111111' KwaDlangezwa, 283
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Other reports 61 Research Unit, Dep
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63 1IIIIIE1111Elfl Id} The rest of
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65 Table J24: Department of Water A
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79 Table J24: Depanment of Water Af
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81 Station closed Station closed U2
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83 Station Drainage region Station
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85 Table J25: Number of stations wi
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87 iI11J111!!ltllllil equal share i
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89 Source: liI After Anonymous, 198
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111111111111111 92 boards (discusse
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Table J28: Some relevant data on se
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IDIIIIIDII':1111 98 (ii) The co-ord
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100 the respective departments at P
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1IIIIIIJIII.i1 102 Table J31: Categ
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104 10.16.2 Environmental impacts o
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Table J32: 106 A simplified form of
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1111111111111 108 Table J33: Action
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110 There is a growing South Africa
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112 Attention has also been focused
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114 10.17 Some legal aspects of wat
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116 time (mean exceedance flow), du
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IIII.IIWIIIII 118 10.17.4 Use of wa
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1[lIlIIIIIIJ. 120 Government dams,
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10.18.4 River diversions 122 Depart
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124 10.18.6 Irrigation districts an
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111(11111:41m'l 126 Table J36: Irri
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Table J37: Irrigation boards in Nat
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Tabla J37: Irrigation boards In Nat
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133 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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135 Table J38: Some urban areas in
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Table J38: 137 Some urban areas in
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139 Source: (i) After Ardington, E.
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141 i111_1illll1l noted above!. are
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143 (ii) The Directorate of Land an
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145 1111111111111 the Board will as
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147 Table J40: Administrative regio
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149 111II1.llllIf:J Government Noti
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151 111I.lIllllil1 Government agenc
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153 Table J43: Joint Services Board
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156 Source: (i) After Jenkin, F. (e
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158 Chief Directorate: Administrati
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Source: See also: Note: 160 Afterth
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162 off low - responsible inter ali
Page 167 and 168: 11111.'.111:11111 164 If it became
Page 169 and 170: tlll••••I:IB11 NOTES: 166
Page 171 and 172: Contents 167 CHAPTER 11: GROUNDWATE
Page 173: Tables 169 Table K1: Some geologica
Page 178 and 179: 174 Bate, 1992}*. The use of water
Page 180 and 181: 176 X313, Pretoria, 0001; as well a
Page 183 and 184: 179 a particular site, then a stati
Page 185 and 186: 181 111...1[111 of streams and rive
Page 187 and 188: 183 good. with a total dissolved so
Page 189 and 190: (iii) Holocene sands lQuaternary) 1
Page 191 and 192: 187 Table K1: Some geological forma
Page 193 and 194: 189 fault-bounded blocks, although
Page 195 and 196: 191 11.6.4 Aquifer characteristics
Page 197 and 198: 193 coarse and the latter, fine and
Page 199 and 200: 195 111.BIII!I!111 The yields of bo
Page 202 and 203: 11...,].11 198 11.7 Methods of grou
Page 205 and 206: 201 11...11111 Table K3: Methods of
Page 207 and 208: 203 boreholes are drilled for both
Page 209 and 210: 205 1111111111'.1 3838. The borehol
Page 211 and 212: 207 11.11 Standards applicable to t
Page 213 and 214: (a) Gravity springs 209 Gravity spr
Page 215: Table K4: Spring discharge in the V
Page 220: Table K7: 216 Pietermaritzburg, 55
Page 223 and 224: 219 IIIBD'llllt (g) Group C waters
Page 225 and 226: 221 1111&'.111 (d) The most acidic
Page 227 and 228: 223 111DJ11ll1li (d) Waters of Grou
Page 229 and 230: 11.15 Hygrophilous trees in NatallK
Page 231 and 232: 227 11...111(11 Table K9: Common gr
Page 233 and 234: 229 111••lltllll southern Afric
Page 235 and 236: 231 11111I11111 • Parsons, R., 19
Page 237 and 238: 233 fll...il.tl [Directorate of Geo
Page 239 and 240: 235 1IIIIIIIItlit • Directorate o
Page 241 and 242: NOTES: 231
Page 243 and 244: CHAPTER 12: WATER SUPPLY PLANNING F
Page 245 and 246: 1111.111111 Tables (continued) 240
Page 247 and 248: IIIII11IE. 242 implications of majo
Page 249 and 250: 1IIIIEtllDII 244 See also: (i) Davi
Page 251 and 252: l'IIIIII.lt 246 Table L2: A broad o
Page 253 and 254: 11111111111 248 Table L3: Some Sout
Page 256 and 257: * *** 251 111111111111r.1 of which
Page 258 and 259: 253 Table L4: Some per capita house
Page 260 and 261: 255 Table L5: Some water consumptio
Page 262 and 263: * ** 257 11118[111"8 (ii) The Clerm
Page 264 and 265: 259 (v) Alcock. P.• 1986. An exam
Page 266 and 267: * ** *** 261 Illlxlllllrll/J includ
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I 263 • Illll_IIB'11 Supply sourc
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Table L7: 266 Some South African in
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1111.11." (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
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111111111111 274 paper products, fr
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277 11111:[.1111111 Africa. Five co
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1IIIIIII1I11J (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (
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Table L9: 282 RSA-KwaZulu Developme
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Note: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 284 T
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287 Note: (i) The water demand data
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289 11111iJJll1111tl or a French dr
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293 Table L12: Some extant water wh
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295 • Turbomachinery Research Gro
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298 Table l13: Specific training ag
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300 Table l13: Specific training ag
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303 1llltlllllE&111 Source: (i) Aft
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305 the evolution of informal settl
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309 period 1970 - 1980. Some 320000
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311 Table L15: A typology of social
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314 Table L16: Some sources of popu
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tltllt.IEII (iii) (iv) 316 The Bure
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trllll.1111I11 (ii) liii) 318 Part
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320 Table L19: Existing housing de6
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322 Source: After Walker, N., 1993.
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IllllllIIl1 For further information
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NOTES: 326
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