an examination of the factor structure of the psychopathy checklist

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.002, F (1, 99) = 1.17, p = .28, and R 2 = .01, R 2 adj = -.01, F (2, 98) = .58, p = .56, respectively. Further, all subsequent blocks were statistically nonsignificant indicating that Facet 3, R 2 = .02, R 2 adj = -.01, F (3, 97) = .53, p = .67, and Facet 4, R 2 = .04, R 2 adj = -.004, F (4, 96) = .90, p = .47, scores were not significantly related to the instrumentality of the offense. 3.3.4.1 PCL:YV Factor Model and its Association with Instrumental Aggression. Since the three-factor model was determined to be the best-fitting of all three models using CFA, this model was employed to examine the relationship between psychopathy and instrumental aggression (as measured by the ARF) using SEM. The three-factor model resulted in poor model fit, X 2 (130, N = 130) = 141.25, p = .24, CFI = .87, TLI = .84, RMSEA = .03. Neither the interpersonal or affective factors were significantly related to the use of instrumentality. To determine the amount of variance accounted for by the four-facet model, this model was also tested using SEM. The four-facet model also resulted in poor model fit, X 2 (222, N = 130) = 233.12, p = .29, CFI = .87, TLI = .86, RMSEA = .02. In comparison to the three-factor model, which accounted for 7.0% of the variance in instrumental aggression, the four-facet model accounted for 5.0% of the variance in instrumental aggression. Similar to the three-factor model, neither the interpersonal or affective factors were significantly related to the use of instrumentality. 3.4 Secondary Analyses 3.4.1 Analyses Based on Bootstrapped Data Bootstrapping is a general approach to statistical inference based not on assumptions of normality but on empirical samples by resampling with replacement 51
from the original dataset. In other words, the original sample serves as the population for the purposes of bootstrap sampling. CFA and SEM analyses were reconducted using the bootstrapped dataset. 3.4.1.1 PCL:YV Factor Structure. To determine which of the three primary factor models was the most appropriate model for use with female youth violent offenders, bootstrapping for model comparison was employed. The Linhart and Zucchini (1986) bootstrap approach for model selection was used which is summarized as follows: (1) generate several bootstrap samples by sampling with replacement from the original sample, (2) fit every competing model to every bootstrap sample. After each analysis, calculate the discrepancy between implied moments obtained from the bootstrap sample and the moments of the bootstrap population, (3) calculate the average (across bootstrap samples) of the discrepancies for each model from the previous step, (4) choose the model whose average discrepancy is smallest. Table 3 provides the mean discrepancies for each of the three models tested. Results obtained confirmed that the three-factor model is the best model which is consistent with the results obtained using the GLS estimator. 52
Page 1 and 2:
AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTOR STRUCT
Page 3 and 4:
Preface Ethics approval for this re
Page 5 and 6:
3 Results .........................
Page 7 and 8:
List of Tables Table 1 Confirmatory
Page 9 and 10:
Acknowledgements I owe my deepest g
Page 11 and 12: To my family and friends, Thank you
Page 13 and 14: among female youth populations, the
Page 15 and 16: Third, it has been suggested that t
Page 17 and 18: only a small proportion of conduct-
Page 19 and 20: irresponsible, and antisocial tende
Page 21 and 22: A long line of research has demonst
Page 23 and 24: females. When a model is considered
Page 25 and 26: to do with whether the measure is w
Page 27 and 28: Understanding the factor structure
Page 29 and 30: (Leschied et al., 2001; Moretti, Ca
Page 31 and 32: psychopathic offenders were signifi
Page 33 and 34: instrumental aggression. However, w
Page 35 and 36: Given the relationships between the
Page 37 and 38: associated with self-report will be
Page 39 and 40: 1.4.1 Hypotheses The current thesis
Page 41 and 42: ecords, school records, medical rec
Page 43 and 44: 2.2.3 Instrumental-Reactive Coding
Page 45 and 46: eceiving services from YFPS. Althou
Page 47 and 48: 3 Results 3.1 Coding Reliability In
Page 49 and 50: This was followed by acquaintance v
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2. Percentage of cases by se
Page 53 and 54: index that adjusts for model comple
Page 55 and 56: Item 1 Item 2 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6
Page 57 and 58: (1-19), 38.7% scored in the moderat
Page 59 and 60: offences, 28.6% were for revenge or
Page 61: association between the dichotomous
Page 65 and 66: in instrumental aggression was acco
Page 67 and 68: etween the dichotomous psychopathy
Page 69 and 70: psychopath based on a cut score of
Page 71 and 72: the three-factor model was unable t
Page 73 and 74: sample since violent offenders are
Page 75 and 76: who also concluded that antisocial
Page 77 and 78: they are less likely to use reactiv
Page 79 and 80: more strongly related to instrument
Page 81 and 82: Pickard, 2007; Barry, Pickard, & An
Page 83 and 84: measure of psychopathy may be limit
Page 85 and 86: Further, based on the relatively lo
Page 87 and 88: score. Although this is a valid mea
Page 89 and 90: Having access to a large sample, we
Page 91 and 92: demonstrated, the utility of differ
Page 93 and 94: malleable youth sample may facilita
Page 95 and 96: Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: I
Page 97 and 98: Gender differences in mental health
Page 99 and 100: Edens, J. F., Skeem, J. L., Cruise,
Page 101 and 102: Frick, P. J., Cornell, A. H., Barry
Page 103 and 104: Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2006
Page 105 and 106: Jones, S., Cauffman, E., Miller, J.
Page 107 and 108: Lynam, D. R. (1996). Early identifi
Page 109 and 110: Murrie, D. C., Cornell, D. G., Kapl
Page 111 and 112: of the official and self-reported h
Page 113 and 114:
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Sewel
Page 115 and 116:
Stockdale, K. C., Olver, M. E., Won
Page 117 and 118:
Vitale, J. E., & Newman, J. P. (200
Page 119 and 120:
Xie, H., Cairns, R. B., & Cairns, B
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix B: Factor Models Table A1
Page 123 and 124:
112
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix E: Coding Scheme and Guide
Page 127 and 128:
PART A: OFFENCE CHARACTERISTICS AND
Page 129 and 130:
PART C: WOODWORTH & PORTER`S INSTRU
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