an examination of the factor structure of the psychopathy checklist

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Using the dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 25) variable, it was found that, on average, although offenders who were classified as psychopaths (score ≥ 25) scored higher on the continuous instrumentality variable (M = 14.04, SE = 1.15) than those who were classified as nonpsychopaths (M = 13.22, SE = 0.53), this difference was not significant t (117) = -.71, p = .24. Using the dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 30) variable, it was found that, on average, offenders who were classified as psychopaths (score ≥ 30) scored lower on the continuous instrumentality variable (M = 12.75, SE = 1.78) than those who were classified as nonpsychopaths (M = 13.46, SE = 0.51); however, this difference was not significant t (117) = .36, p = .36. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the categorical psychopathy variable to determine if continuous instrumentality scores increase with psychopathy. The ANOVA was not significant, F (2, 116) = 1.37, p = .26 with a mean square (MS) for error of 27.92. Using the dichotomous instrumentality variable, it was found that, on average, offenders who were classified as primarily reactive scored slightly higher on the continuous psychopathy variable (M = 18.80, SE = 0.81) than those who were classified as primarily instrumental (M = 18.65, SE = 1.09); however, this difference was not significant t (118) = .11, p = .46. The association between the dichotomous instrumentality and dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 25) variables was not significant, χ 2 (1) = .002, p = .96. The association between the dichotomous instrumentality and dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 30) variables was also not significant, χ 2 (1) = .50, p = .48. Further, the 49
association between the dichotomous instrumentality and categorical psychopathy variables was not significant, χ 2 (2) = 1.39, p = .50. Using the categorical instrumentality variable, a one-way ANOVA was conducted to determine if continuous psychopathy scores increase with instrumentality. The ANOVA was not significant, F (3, 116) = 1.05, p = .37 with a mean square (MS) for error of 50.46. The association between the categorical instrumentality and dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 25) variables was not significant, χ 2 (3) = .17, p = .98. The association between the categorical instrumentality and dichotomous psychopathy (score ≥ 30) variables was also not significant, χ 2 (3) = 1.92, p = .59. Further, the association between the categorical instrumentality and categorical psychopathy variables was not significant, χ 2 (6) = 4.66, p = .59. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine the contributions of each of the factors and facets of the PCL:YV to the prediction of instrumentality. Based on previous research (e.g., Agar, 2009, Carpenter, 2010; Flight & Forth, 2007; Woodworth & Porter, 2002), I expected Factor 1 and Facets 1 and 2 to be strong predictors of instrumentality. Therefore, in the first multiple regression analysis, Factor 1 was entered in block one, while Factor 2 was entered into the model in block two. The results of this regression analysis indicated Factor 1 did not account for a significant proportion of the instrumentality, R 2 = .01, R 2 adj = .002, F (1,118) = 1.19, p = .28, nor did Factor 2, R 2 = .01, R 2 adj = -.004, F (2,117) = .79, p = .46. Similarly, the regression analysis results comparing the four facets indicated Facet 1 and 2 did not account for a significant proportion of instrumentality, R 2 = .01, R 2 adj = 50
Page 1 and 2:
AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTOR STRUCT
Page 3 and 4:
Preface Ethics approval for this re
Page 5 and 6:
3 Results .........................
Page 7 and 8:
List of Tables Table 1 Confirmatory
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements I owe my deepest g
Page 11 and 12: To my family and friends, Thank you
Page 13 and 14: among female youth populations, the
Page 15 and 16: Third, it has been suggested that t
Page 17 and 18: only a small proportion of conduct-
Page 19 and 20: irresponsible, and antisocial tende
Page 21 and 22: A long line of research has demonst
Page 23 and 24: females. When a model is considered
Page 25 and 26: to do with whether the measure is w
Page 27 and 28: Understanding the factor structure
Page 29 and 30: (Leschied et al., 2001; Moretti, Ca
Page 31 and 32: psychopathic offenders were signifi
Page 33 and 34: instrumental aggression. However, w
Page 35 and 36: Given the relationships between the
Page 37 and 38: associated with self-report will be
Page 39 and 40: 1.4.1 Hypotheses The current thesis
Page 41 and 42: ecords, school records, medical rec
Page 43 and 44: 2.2.3 Instrumental-Reactive Coding
Page 45 and 46: eceiving services from YFPS. Althou
Page 47 and 48: 3 Results 3.1 Coding Reliability In
Page 49 and 50: This was followed by acquaintance v
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2. Percentage of cases by se
Page 53 and 54: index that adjusts for model comple
Page 55 and 56: Item 1 Item 2 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6
Page 57 and 58: (1-19), 38.7% scored in the moderat
Page 59: offences, 28.6% were for revenge or
Page 63 and 64: from the original dataset. In other
Page 65 and 66: in instrumental aggression was acco
Page 67 and 68: etween the dichotomous psychopathy
Page 69 and 70: psychopath based on a cut score of
Page 71 and 72: the three-factor model was unable t
Page 73 and 74: sample since violent offenders are
Page 75 and 76: who also concluded that antisocial
Page 77 and 78: they are less likely to use reactiv
Page 79 and 80: more strongly related to instrument
Page 81 and 82: Pickard, 2007; Barry, Pickard, & An
Page 83 and 84: measure of psychopathy may be limit
Page 85 and 86: Further, based on the relatively lo
Page 87 and 88: score. Although this is a valid mea
Page 89 and 90: Having access to a large sample, we
Page 91 and 92: demonstrated, the utility of differ
Page 93 and 94: malleable youth sample may facilita
Page 95 and 96: Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: I
Page 97 and 98: Gender differences in mental health
Page 99 and 100: Edens, J. F., Skeem, J. L., Cruise,
Page 101 and 102: Frick, P. J., Cornell, A. H., Barry
Page 103 and 104: Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2006
Page 105 and 106: Jones, S., Cauffman, E., Miller, J.
Page 107 and 108: Lynam, D. R. (1996). Early identifi
Page 109 and 110: Murrie, D. C., Cornell, D. G., Kapl
Page 111 and 112:
of the official and self-reported h
Page 113 and 114:
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Sewel
Page 115 and 116:
Stockdale, K. C., Olver, M. E., Won
Page 117 and 118:
Vitale, J. E., & Newman, J. P. (200
Page 119 and 120:
Xie, H., Cairns, R. B., & Cairns, B
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix B: Factor Models Table A1
Page 123 and 124:
112
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix E: Coding Scheme and Guide
Page 127 and 128:
PART A: OFFENCE CHARACTERISTICS AND
Page 129 and 130:
PART C: WOODWORTH & PORTER`S INSTRU
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an examination of the factor structure of the psychopathy checklist

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