an examination of the factor structure of the psychopathy checklist

did have evidence of instrumental behaviour. See Appendix E for detailed descriptions
of these categories and coding instructions.
2.2.4 Demographics, Offender History, and Offense Characteristics
Additional information including basic demographics (i.e., date of birth, ethnicity),
offender history (i.e., age at first contact with police, age at first charged offense), and
offence characteristics (e.g., victim gender, victim age, victim-offender relationship,
weapon use and type, substance use at the time of the offence, and severity of
violence) was also coded. For further descriptions of the manner in which variables
were coded, see Appendix E.
2.3 Procedure
All files were coded on the PCL:YV by the primary researcher at YFPS in Kelowna,
British Columbia, and the PER research team in Burnaby, British Columbia. The primary
researcher’s coding scheme, which includes the ARF and Woodworth and Porter’s
(2002) instrumental-reactive coding scheme (see Appendix E), was completed by the
primary researcher and a secondary coder who was a volunteer undergraduate honours
student at UBC Okanagan in Kelowna, British Columbia.
The PCL:YV was completed based on file review by the author and by YFPS
research assistants, all of whom were trained according to YFPS standards of
administration. All relevant information from the clients’ files was used up until the time
of the assessment for the index offence, which typically occurred within a few months of
the offence. If no assessment was available, information up until the time of the index
offence was utilized to make PCL:YV ratings. Structured interviews were not possible as
all of the files used in the current study were closed, and the clients were no longer
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