an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ...
an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ... an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ...
3.3.2.13Validity Validity in quantitative research includes the application of statistics to questionnaire construction as well as the use of statistical hypothesis testing. 3.4 ISSUES OF MEASUREMENT The following section will concentrate on the measuring instruments used during this research process. 3.4.1 Exploratory Research Neuman (2003: 29) defines exploratory research as research into an area that has not been studied and in which a researcher wants to develop initial ideas and a more focused research question. At the start of this research project the researcher conducted a literature review in the hope of understanding the different aspects of the CEL's job in the academic institution. As she is a eEL herself it wasn't that difficult to get access to other CELs and role players (students and lecturers) in the co-operative education domain. The researcher interviewed these role players on an informal basis and made certain deductions regarding the role and responsibility, personality traits, abilities and characteristics, experience and qualifications of a eEL. These deductions were combined to construct a Situation Analysis Questionnaire (Appendix B). 3.4.2 Situation Analysis Questionnaire With the help of a dendogram (Appendix A) and by consulting Peterson's (2000) book on the construction of effective questionnaires, a self-administered questionnaire was developed. The 77
questionnaire consisted of dichotomous questions that indicated an unmistakable division. Scope was left for the addition of the respondents' own alternatives by adding spaces for "other" and "comments". This questionnaire was based on a review of previous research and investigations focusing on all the elements of co-operative education and the possible best practice of each as discussed in 3.4.1. A panel consisting of at least fifteen members (representatives of academia, mentors from industry and/or commerce as well as students or alumni who had completed their experiential learning component each having an active association with co-operative education) were recruited to elialuate the proposed instrument for its ability to measure the identified variables. It was expected of the panel to render qualitative feedback on apredetermined scale, each level being specifically defined in a covering document This feedback was used to provide input for the design of a final instrument This was done by subjecting the feedback to an intense review in a statistical as well as semantic manner. The Situation Analysis Questionnaire was then administered to arandom sample of the following: • Attendants of the 2001 WACE (World Association for Co-operative Education) conference. • Attendants of the 2002 SASCE (South African Society for Co-operative Education) conference. • CELs at the Cape Technikon. • Cape Technikon co-operative education students. 3.4.3 Final Questionnaire The Rna! Questionnaire (Appendix Cl was then constructed according to the insights gained from the Situation Analysis Questionnaire. The Rnal Questionnaire is self-administerable. The questionnaire contains clear and precise instructions on how to answer the questions. The questionnaire is divided into logical sections according to the following subjects: 78
- Page 46 and 47: It is important that the CEl nurtur
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questionnaire consisted <strong>of</strong> dichotomous questions that indicated <strong>an</strong> unmistakable division. Scope<br />
was left for <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> respondents' own alternatives by adding spaces for "o<strong>the</strong>r" <strong>an</strong>d<br />
"comments". This questionnaire was based on a review <strong>of</strong> previous research <strong>an</strong>d investigations<br />
focusing on all <strong>the</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> co-operative education <strong>an</strong>d <strong>the</strong> possible best practice <strong>of</strong> each as<br />
discussed in 3.4.1.<br />
A p<strong>an</strong>el consisting <strong>of</strong> at least fifteen members (representatives <strong>of</strong> academia, mentors from industry<br />
<strong>an</strong>d/or commerce as well as students or alumni who had completed <strong>the</strong>ir experiential learning<br />
component each having <strong>an</strong> active association with co-operative education) were recruited to<br />
elialuate <strong>the</strong> proposed instrument for its ability to measure <strong>the</strong> identified variables. It was expected<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> p<strong>an</strong>el to render qualitative feedback on apredetermined scale, each level being specifically<br />
defined in a covering document This feedback was used to provide input for <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> a final<br />
instrument This was done by subjecting <strong>the</strong> feedback to <strong>an</strong> intense review in a statistical as well<br />
as sem<strong>an</strong>tic m<strong>an</strong>ner.<br />
The Situation Analysis Questionnaire was <strong>the</strong>n administered to ar<strong>an</strong>dom sample <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following:<br />
• Attend<strong>an</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2001 WACE (World Association for Co-operative Education) conference.<br />
• Attend<strong>an</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2002 SASCE (South Afric<strong>an</strong> Society for Co-operative Education)<br />
conference.<br />
• CELs at <strong>the</strong> Cape Technikon.<br />
• Cape Technikon co-operative education students.<br />
3.4.3 Final Questionnaire<br />
The Rna! Questionnaire (Appendix Cl was <strong>the</strong>n constructed according to <strong>the</strong> insights gained from<br />
<strong>the</strong> Situation Analysis Questionnaire. The Rnal Questionnaire is self-administerable.<br />
The questionnaire contains clear <strong>an</strong>d precise instructions on how to <strong>an</strong>swer <strong>the</strong> questions. The<br />
questionnaire is divided into logical sections according to <strong>the</strong> following subjects:<br />
78