an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ...
an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ... an investigative analysis of the psychological characteristics and job ...
3.3.2.4 Replication The replication of a study provides a way of determining the extent to which findings are applicable to other contexts. It also serves as a way of checking the biases of the researcher. It is possible to replicate a study when the research process has been clearly and accurately described. This enables other researchers to repeat the study if they wish to. 3:3.2.5 Individual as focus The individual is the focus of the empirical inquiry in quantitative research. The survey instruments are administered to individuals and the individual's, not the group's, responses are required. These individual responses are then collected to form overall measures for the sample. There is no requirement that the individuals should know one another, only that their responses can be analysed. 3.3.2.6 The nature of reality The quantitative research approach has its origins in positivism. Positivism sees reality as existing. Context-free laws of behaviour are assumed to exislln addition, the object being researched is assumed to be independent from the researcher. Quantitative researchers also attempt to control and predict phenomena. Their research reports also tend to reflect impersonal statements in an attemptto remain objective. 3.3.2.7 The researcher-participant relationship The relationship between the researcher and the participant is usually negligible when it comes to quantitative research. Contact between the researcher and the participant is generally brief. This is in keeping with the quantitative researcher's attempts to be as objective as possible. 75
3.3.2.8 Theory and research Theories and previous research are supposed to guide the quantitative researcher. 3.3.2.9 Degree of structure in the research strategy Quantitative research is very structured in that sampling, research design, questionnaires and statistical methods are mostly determined prior to the participants' completing the questionnaires. 3.3.2.10The nomothetic approach Quantitative researchers tend to take a nomothetic approach. This means that general or universal laws of behaviour that can transcend space and time are sought Therefore the sampling method is critical as this determines the extent of the generalisation of the findings. 3.3.2.11 Static research Quantitative research can be perceived as being very static because the complex interaction of individual and contextual variables, on a developmental continuum, is seldom .studied in any depth. The relationship between variables, the differences between individuals according to certain variables, and the causes of behaviour are emphasised. 3.3.2.12Types of data Quantitative data is often portrayed as being objective, precise and reliable. It is often the types of data that are gathered from truelfalse and Ukert-type responses. 76
- Page 44 and 45: Fumharn (1992:90) defines the CEl's
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3.3.2.4 Replication<br />
The replication <strong>of</strong> a study provides a way <strong>of</strong> determining <strong>the</strong> extent to which findings are<br />
applicable to o<strong>the</strong>r contexts. It also serves as a way <strong>of</strong> checking <strong>the</strong> biases <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
researcher. It is possible to replicate a study when <strong>the</strong> research process has been clearly<br />
<strong>an</strong>d accurately described. This enables o<strong>the</strong>r researchers to repeat <strong>the</strong> study if <strong>the</strong>y wish<br />
to.<br />
3:3.2.5 Individual as focus<br />
The individual is <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> empirical inquiry in qu<strong>an</strong>titative research. The survey<br />
instruments are administered to individuals <strong>an</strong>d <strong>the</strong> individual's, not <strong>the</strong> group's, responses<br />
are required. These individual responses are <strong>the</strong>n collected to form overall measures for<br />
<strong>the</strong> sample. There is no requirement that <strong>the</strong> individuals should know one <strong>an</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r, only<br />
that <strong>the</strong>ir responses c<strong>an</strong> be <strong>an</strong>alysed.<br />
3.3.2.6 The nature <strong>of</strong> reality<br />
The qu<strong>an</strong>titative research approach has its origins in positivism. Positivism sees reality as<br />
existing. Context-free laws <strong>of</strong> behaviour are assumed to exislln addition, <strong>the</strong> object being<br />
researched is assumed to be independent from <strong>the</strong> researcher. Qu<strong>an</strong>titative researchers<br />
also attempt to control <strong>an</strong>d predict phenomena. Their research reports also tend to reflect<br />
impersonal statements in <strong>an</strong> attemptto remain objective.<br />
3.3.2.7 The researcher-particip<strong>an</strong>t relationship<br />
The relationship between <strong>the</strong> researcher <strong>an</strong>d <strong>the</strong> particip<strong>an</strong>t is usually negligible when it<br />
comes to qu<strong>an</strong>titative research. Contact between <strong>the</strong> researcher <strong>an</strong>d <strong>the</strong> particip<strong>an</strong>t is<br />
generally brief. This is in keeping with <strong>the</strong> qu<strong>an</strong>titative researcher's attempts to be as<br />
objective as possible.<br />
75
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