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Abstract embryo can produce about 12 corms after 10 months or about 65 corms after 12 months (if shoots are subcultured to medium supplemented with 2.5 µM mTR for another 2 months). Embryo rescue can enable wider crosses within this genus. These results can be used for further horticultural development of species in this genus and their hybrids and variants. vii
Declarations I Pierre André Swart, student number 207519473, hereby declare that: • This thesis, Propagation of Romulea species, unless otherwise acknowledged to the contrary in the text, is the result of my own investigation, under the supervision of Professor J. van Staden and co-supervision of Doctor M.G. Kulkarni, Doctor M.W. Bairu and Professor J.F. Finnie, in the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg; • This dissertation has not been submitted for any degrees or examination at any other university; • This thesis does not contain data, figures or writing, unless specifically acknowledged, copied from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then 1. Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced 2. Where their exact words have been used, then their writing has been placed in italics and inside quotation marks, and referenced, and; • Where I have reproduced a publication of which I am an author or co-author, I have indicated which part of the publication was contributed by me. • This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the References sections. Signed at on the day of , 2012. Pierre André Swart viii
Page 1 and 2: Propagation of Romulea species Pier
Page 3 and 4: Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
Page 7: Abstract The suitability of various
Page 11 and 12: Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
Page 13 and 14: Publications from this thesis ASCOU
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
Page 17 and 18: was significantly different from th
Page 19 and 20: List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
Page 21 and 22: List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
Page 23 and 24: Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
Page 25 and 26: As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
Page 27 and 28: Introduction where a great number o
Page 29 and 30: Introduction The subgenera Romulea
Page 31 and 32: 2 Literature review Leef van daad e
Page 33 and 34: Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
Page 35 and 36: Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
Page 37 and 38: Literature review The plants are sh
Page 39 and 40: Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
Page 41 and 42: Literature review often found on cl
Page 43 and 44: Literature review flowers of R. lei
Page 45 and 46: Literature review flattened upper s
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
Page 49 and 50: Literature review extinct, R. papyr
Page 51 and 52: Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
Page 53 and 54: Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
Page 59 and 60:
Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
Page 61 and 62:
Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
Page 63 and 64:
Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
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Literature review Macronutrients ca
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Literature review The soils of the
Page 69 and 70:
Literature review The embryo is the
Page 71 and 72:
Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
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Literature review endogenous gibber
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Literature review tolerable level (
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Literature review these channels pe
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Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
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Literature review the embryo (COPEL
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Literature review germinated under
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Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
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2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
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Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
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Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
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Literature review The distinguishin
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Literature review The essential fun
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2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
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Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
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Literature review Young embryos req
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Literature review and the addition
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Literature review organ is then pro
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Literature review environmental str
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2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
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Literature review higher regenerati
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Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
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Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118:
3 Investigation into the habitat of
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Soil sampling and analysis The firs
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Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
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4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
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4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
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Germination physiology (-N), phosph
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Germination physiology rosea seeds
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Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
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Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
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Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
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Germination physiology The relative
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Germination physiology seeds of R.
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5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
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In vitro culture initiation and mul
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5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
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5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
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6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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In vitro corm formation and floweri
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6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
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Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180:
Commercialization potential of Romu
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BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
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Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
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Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
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Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
Page 189 and 190:
Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192:
Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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