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Figure 6.2: Corms of Romulea sabulosa growing in a modified plastic container with vermiculite after 2 months. Bar = 20 mm. List of Figures Figure 7.1. Showing eight species used in propagation experiments arranged from the largest to the smallest growth form. From the left they are Romulea minutiflora (A), R. camerooniana (B), R. diversiformis (C), R. rosea (D), R. flava (E), R. leipoldtii (F), R. monadelpha (G) and R. sabulosa (H). Modified from DE VOS (1972) and photographs taken by Dr. John C. Manning. Horizontal bar = 50 mm. 146 151 xvii
List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of the soil separates and the particle diameters which define them (Modified from DONAHUE et al. (1983)). Table 2.2: Classification of mineral elements into macro- and micronutients (Modified from (MARSCHNER, 1995)). Table 2.3: Organic seed endogenous and exogenous dormancy types (Modified from BASKIN & BASKIN (1998)). Table 2.4: Topographic stain evaluation classes for the TTC test (LEADEM, 1984). Table 2.5: The standard MURASHIGE & SKOOG (1962) formula. Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to establish optimal auxin to cytokinin ratios and their concentrations, where the rows represent auxin levels and the columns represent the cytokinin levels (Modified from Kyte and Kleyn (1996). Table 2.7: Explant sources and PGR's used by various authors for direct shoot or meristimoid organogenesis in genera of Iridaceae. Where the concentrations of PGR's are not mentioned, the study included multiple species within the genus, each reacted differently to various concentrations. A question mark indicates that the specific parameter is not included in the described publication. The genera are grouped phylogenetically, with vertical text on the right showing classification. Table 2.8: Corm induction treatments for various genera in Iridaceae. Details on the media modifications, temperature and the hours of light (Photoperoid) during corm induction is included. The peroid it took for corms to form is also given in months. The genera are grouped phylogenetically, with vertical text on the right showing classification. A question mark indicates that the specific parameter is not included in the described publication. Table 3.1: Analysis results for two soil samples from the Nieuwoudtville Wildflower Reserve (19° 8’ E, 31° 24’ S). Table 4.1: Seed viability tests of different Romulea species. Table 4.2: Effect of different treatments on seed germination of four Romulea species. Asterisk (*) indicates seed germination under 16 h photoperiod at 20 ± 0.5°C. The number sign (#) indicates that the seeds initiated germination during stratification. Table 5.1: Effect of kinetin and 2,4-D on excised embryos of Romulea sabulosa. Mean values in a column followed by different letters that indicates significance differences between treatments according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P 0.05). S = swelling of embryo; SR = swelling of embryo with rooting; SSI = swelling of embryo with shoot initials; SRF = shoot and root 37 40 55 59 68 74 87 90 96 103 107 xviii
Page 1 and 2: Propagation of Romulea species Pier
Page 3 and 4: Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The suitability of various
Page 9 and 10: Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
Page 11 and 12: Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
Page 13 and 14: Publications from this thesis ASCOU
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
Page 17: was significantly different from th
Page 21 and 22: List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
Page 23 and 24: Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
Page 25 and 26: As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
Page 27 and 28: Introduction where a great number o
Page 29 and 30: Introduction The subgenera Romulea
Page 31 and 32: 2 Literature review Leef van daad e
Page 33 and 34: Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
Page 35 and 36: Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
Page 37 and 38: Literature review The plants are sh
Page 39 and 40: Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
Page 41 and 42: Literature review often found on cl
Page 43 and 44: Literature review flowers of R. lei
Page 45 and 46: Literature review flattened upper s
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
Page 49 and 50: Literature review extinct, R. papyr
Page 51 and 52: Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
Page 53 and 54: Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
Page 59 and 60: Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
Page 61 and 62: Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
Page 63 and 64: Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
Page 65 and 66: Literature review Macronutrients ca
Page 67 and 68: Literature review The soils of the
Page 69 and 70:
Literature review The embryo is the
Page 71 and 72:
Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
Page 73 and 74:
Literature review endogenous gibber
Page 75 and 76:
Literature review tolerable level (
Page 77 and 78:
Literature review these channels pe
Page 79 and 80:
Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
Page 81 and 82:
Literature review the embryo (COPEL
Page 83 and 84:
Literature review germinated under
Page 85 and 86:
Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
Page 87 and 88:
2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
Page 89 and 90:
Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
Page 91 and 92:
Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
Page 93 and 94:
Literature review The distinguishin
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Literature review The essential fun
Page 97 and 98:
2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
Page 99 and 100:
Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
Page 101 and 102:
Literature review Young embryos req
Page 103 and 104:
Literature review and the addition
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Literature review organ is then pro
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Literature review environmental str
Page 109 and 110:
2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
Page 111 and 112:
Literature review higher regenerati
Page 113 and 114:
Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
Page 115 and 116:
Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118:
3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120:
Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122:
Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
Page 123 and 124:
4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126:
4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
Page 127 and 128:
Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130:
Germination physiology rosea seeds
Page 131 and 132:
Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
Page 133 and 134:
Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
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Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
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Germination physiology The relative
Page 139 and 140:
Germination physiology seeds of R.
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5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
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In vitro culture initiation and mul
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5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
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Page 157 and 158:
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5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
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6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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In vitro corm formation and floweri
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6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
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Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180:
Commercialization potential of Romu
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BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
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Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
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Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
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Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
Page 189 and 190:
Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192:
Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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