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List of Figures
Figure 2.26: Grahamstown weather station (26° 30’ E, 33° 17’ S, 642 m above
sea level) average daily minimum and maximum monthly temperatures (Error
bars indicate standard error of the mean of last 5 years).
Figure 2.27: Grahamstown weather station (26° 30’ E, 33° 17’ S, 642 m above
sea level) average total monthly rain (Error bars indicate standard error of the
mean of last 5 years).
Figure 2.28: Grahamstown weather station (26° 30’ E, 33° 17’ S, 642 m above
sea level) average daily relative humidity (Error bars indicate standard error of
the mean of last 5 years).
Figure 2.29: Diagrammatic representation of a small cluster of soil illustrating
the complexity of organic soil. Also note the air spaces between the various
components illustrated. Modified from descriptions of SLEEMAN & BREWER
(1988).
Figure 2.30: A textural triangle showing the range of variation in sand, silt, and
clay for each soil textural class (Modified from DONAHUE et al. (1983) and
LOVELAND & WHALLEY (1991))
Figure 2.31: The triphasic pattern of water uptake by germinating seeds, with
arrow showing the time of radicle protrusion (BEWLEY & BLACK, 1994).
Figure 3.1: The colour and structure of samples one and two. Horizontal bar =
20 mm.
Figure 4.1: Water content (value at day zero) and imbibition rates of seeds of
eight species of Romulea. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.
Figure 4.2: Scanning electron microscopic images of seeds arranged from the
smallest to the largest for size comparison. Romulea leipoldtii (A); R. flava (B);
R. minutiflora (C); R. sabulosa (D); R. camerooniana (E); R. rosea (F); R.
diversiformis (G); R. monadelpha (H). Horizontal bar = 1 mm.
Figure 4.3: Scanning electron micrographs of the seed surfaces of Romulea
camerooniana (A); R. diversiformis (B); R. flava (C); R. leipoldtii (D); Romulea
minutiflora (E); R. monadelpha (F); R. rosea (G) and R. sabulosa (H).
Horizontal bar = 10 µm (the same magnification was used for all species).
Figure 4.4: Scanning electron micrographs of the micropylar regions of seeds
of Romulea camerooniana (A); R. diversiformis (B); R. flava (C); R. leipoldtii
(D); R. minutiflora (E); R. monadelpha (F); R. rosea (G) and R. sabulosa (H).
Horizontal bar = 20 µm.
Figure 4.5: Effect of nutrients without N, P or K, plant growth promoting
substances and smoke constituents on seed germination of Romulea rosea
under 16 h photoperiod at 20 ± 0.5°C. A number above the standard error bar
represents mean germination time and an asterisk denotes that the treatment
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