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Acknowledgements I am grateful to: • My supervisor and co-supervisors who gave me the opportunity to work with these beautiful plants and the encouragement, support and advice needed to complete this study and who critically reviewed my manuscripts. • Mr. E. Marinus, who was kind enough to share his knowledge of R. sabulosa and R. monadelpha propagation with me • Dr. J.C. Manning, who allowed me to use and modify his pictures of Romulea flowers • To all the centre members and friends who assisted and supported me in all kinds of ways during my time at the RCPGD. • To my mother for always being there for me, no matter what the situation For financial assistance I would like to thank: • My mother • The National Research Foundation • Professor J. van Staden xi
Publications from this thesis ASCOUGH, G. D., SWART, P. A., FINNIE, J. F., and VAN STADEN, J. (2011). Micropropagation of Romulea minutiflora, Sisyrinchium laxum and Tritonia gladiolaris — Iridaceae with ornamental potential. South African Journal of Botany 77: 216-221. SWART, P. A., KULKARNI, M.G., FINNIE, J. F., and VAN STADEN, J. (2012). Micropropagation of Romulea sabulosa. Scientia Horticulturae 135: 151-156. SWART, P. A., KULKARNI, M.G., FINNIE, J. F., and VAN STADEN, J. (2011). Germination physiology of four African Romulea species. Seed Science and Technology 39: 354-363. Conference contributions SWART, P.A., FINNIE J.F., and VAN STADEN, J. (2009). Thirty-fifth Annual Conference of the South African Association of Botanists (SAAB). University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch. ix
Page 1 and 2: Propagation of Romulea species Pier
Page 3 and 4: Contents 2.7 GERMINATION PHYSIOLOGY
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5.3.1 Explants from seedli
Page 7 and 8: Abstract The suitability of various
Page 9 and 10: Declarations I Pierre André Swart,
Page 11: Declarations DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTIO
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 2.13: Suther
Page 17 and 18: was significantly different from th
Page 19 and 20: List of Tables Table 2.1: Names of
Page 21 and 22: List of Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dic
Page 23 and 24: Die vlakhaas spits sy oor hy het di
Page 25 and 26: As die mens dan ook so sy dankbaarh
Page 27 and 28: Introduction where a great number o
Page 29 and 30: Introduction The subgenera Romulea
Page 31 and 32: 2 Literature review Leef van daad e
Page 33 and 34: Literature review Figure 2.2: Life
Page 35 and 36: Literature review Figure 2.4: Life
Page 37 and 38: Literature review The plants are sh
Page 39 and 40: Literature review flowers (DE VOS,
Page 41 and 42: Literature review often found on cl
Page 43 and 44: Literature review flowers of R. lei
Page 45 and 46: Literature review flattened upper s
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.16 Romulea tabularis Literature
Page 49 and 50: Literature review extinct, R. papyr
Page 51 and 52: Literature review R. leipoldtii occ
Page 53 and 54: Literature review Figure 2.8: Calvi
Page 55 and 56: Literature review Figure 2.14: Fras
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.20: Nieuwoudtville weather
Page 59 and 60: Literature review Figure 2.26: Grah
Page 61 and 62: Literature review Figure 2.29: Diag
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Literature review Figure 2.30: A te
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Literature review Macronutrients ca
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Literature review The soils of the
Page 69 and 70:
Literature review The embryo is the
Page 71 and 72:
Literature review Phase 2 is seen a
Page 73 and 74:
Literature review endogenous gibber
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Literature review tolerable level (
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Literature review these channels pe
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Literature review 2.8.7 Seed dorman
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Literature review the embryo (COPEL
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Literature review germinated under
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Literature review (COPELAND, 1976).
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2.9 BRIEF REVIEW OF IN VITRO CULTUR
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Literature review (DEBERGH, 1994).
Page 91 and 92:
Literature review PIERIK (1997) sta
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Literature review The distinguishin
Page 95 and 96:
Literature review The essential fun
Page 97 and 98:
2.9.3.4 Abscisic acid Literature re
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Table 2.6: Example of a matrix to e
Page 101 and 102:
Literature review Young embryos req
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Literature review and the addition
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Literature review organ is then pro
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Literature review environmental str
Page 109 and 110:
2.11 IN VITRO FLOWERING Literature
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Literature review higher regenerati
Page 113 and 114:
Subfamily Ixioideae (continued) Tri
Page 115 and 116:
Literature review Table 2.8: Corm i
Page 117 and 118:
3 Investigation into the habitat of
Page 119 and 120:
Soil sampling and analysis The firs
Page 121 and 122:
Soil sampling and analysis Table 3.
Page 123 and 124:
4 Germination physiology 4.1 INTROD
Page 125 and 126:
4.2.2 Water content and imbibition
Page 127 and 128:
Germination physiology (-N), phosph
Page 129 and 130:
Germination physiology rosea seeds
Page 131 and 132:
Germination physiology Figure 4.4:
Page 133 and 134:
Germination (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 77
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Germination (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 c
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Germination physiology The relative
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Germination physiology seeds of R.
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5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro
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In vitro culture initiation and mul
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5.2.3 Explant comparison In vitro c
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Page 153 and 154:
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Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
5.4 DISCUSSION In vitro culture ini
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Page 163 and 164:
6 In vitro corm formation and flowe
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In vitro corm formation and floweri
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6.3 RESULTS 6.3.1 Corm formation In
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Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Commercialization potential of Romu
Page 179 and 180:
Commercialization potential of Romu
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BASKIN, C. C., and BASKIN, J. M. (1
Page 183 and 184:
Literature cited DOWLING, P. M., CL
Page 185 and 186:
Literature cited HILTON-TAYLOR, C.
Page 187 and 188:
Literature cited KUMAR, A., SOOD, A
Page 189 and 190:
Literature cited PIERIK, R. L. M. (
Page 191 and 192:
Literature cited STEINITZ, B., COHE
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