Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Here die replaces hij, which could be ambiguous as it might refer to the person, not the car. 8.1.2.6 English difficulties with subject and object pronouns (a) Due to the subject and object forms of ‘you’ being the same in English, confusion as to whether to use jij or jou in Dutch can arise in instances like the following: Hij is groter dan jij. He is bigger than you (not jou, although it does occur in very colloquial Dutch). Ik vind hem aardiger dan jou. (object) I like him more than (I like) you. but Ik vind hem aardiger dan jij. (subject) I like him more than you (do). Als ik jou was . .. If I were you . . . (b) Because of the confusion in the usage of ‘I’ and ‘me’ in colloquial English, a confusion which does not occur nearly as often in Dutch (although it is not unknown), one must be careful not to confuse ik and mij in sentences like the following: Hij is groter dan ik. (not mij) (subject) He is bigger than me (= I). Robert heeft wat geld aan Jan en mij gegeven. (object) Robert gave some money to Jan and I (= me). The ‘I’ in the previous sentence is an example of a usage which now occurs in English almost to the total exclusion of the strictly correct form ‘me’; it’s not an error which can be replicated in Dutch, but so few English-speaking people now know where to use ‘me’ correctly any more. 8.1.2.7 The use of ‘to’ in English before pronominal indirect objects Note the use or lack of aan in the following examples: She gave it to the man. Zij gaf het aan de man. Personal pronouns 79
8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book. Ze gaf hem het boek (de man het boek). She gave it to him. Zij gaf het hem. Zij gaf het aan hem. (when emphasized) Note: She gave it to them. Zij gaf het hun. Zij gaf het aan hen. (when emphasized) 8.2 Possessive pronouns Bezittelijke voornaamwoorden mijn (m’n) jouw je uw zijn 8 (z’n) haar 9 (d’r) zijn (z’n) ons/onze jullie je uw hun 10 (d’r) See also 8.1.1 for unemphatic forms of some of the possessives. 8 In formal style diens may replace the masculine possessive zijn (see 6.2): De gouverneurgeneral van Nederlands-Indië en diens echtgenote ‘The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies and his wife’. But diens must be used when ambiguity can arise: Hij ging wandelen met zijn vriend en zijn zoon ‘He went for a walk with his friend and his son’ (= his own son), Hij ging wandelen met zijn vriend en diens zoon (= the friend’s son). 9 Neuter words referring to female beings (e.g. het meisje, het wijf) take feminine possessive pronouns (see 8.5.2, n. 14): Het meisje heeft haar grootmoeder lekkere dingen gebracht ‘The girl took tasty things to her grandmother’. 10 In formal (usually archaic) style haar can replace the possessive form hun, e.g. Engelands Australische koloniën in haar ontstaan en tegenwoordige toestand (title of an old book). This explains why the unemphatic form of possessive hun is d’r.
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8<br />
Pronouns<br />
80<br />
She gave him the book.<br />
Ze gaf hem het boek (de man het boek).<br />
She gave it to him. Zij gaf het hem.<br />
Zij gaf het aan hem. (when emphasized)<br />
Note:<br />
She gave it to them. Zij gaf het hun.<br />
Zij gaf het aan hen. (when emphasized)<br />
8.2<br />
Possessive pronouns<br />
Bezittelijke voornaamwoorden<br />
mijn (m’n)<br />
jouw je<br />
uw<br />
zijn 8 (z’n)<br />
haar 9 (d’r)<br />
zijn (z’n)<br />
ons/onze<br />
jullie je<br />
uw<br />
hun 10 (d’r)<br />
See also 8.1.1 for unemphatic forms of some of the possessives.<br />
8 In formal style diens may replace the masculine possessive zijn (see 6.2): De gouverneurgeneral<br />
van Nederlands-Indië en diens echtgenote ‘The governor-general of the Dutch<br />
East Indies and his wife’. But diens must be used when ambiguity can arise: Hij ging<br />
wandelen met zijn vriend en zijn zoon ‘He went for a walk with his friend and his son’<br />
(= his own son), Hij ging wandelen met zijn vriend en diens zoon (= the friend’s son).<br />
9 Neuter words referring to female beings (e.g. het meisje, het wijf) take feminine<br />
possessive pronouns (see 8.5.2, n. 14): Het meisje heeft haar grootmoeder lekkere dingen<br />
gebracht ‘The girl took tasty things to her grandmother’.<br />
10 In formal (usually archaic) style haar can replace the possessive form hun, e.g.<br />
Engelands Australische koloniën in haar ontstaan en tegenwoordige toestand (title of<br />
an old book). This explains why the unemphatic form of possessive hun is d’r.
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