Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 7.2.2.7 Nouns ending in -e cause difficulty: there are those that always take -s (see -s plurals, 7.2.1.5) and there are those that can take either -n or -s seconde ‘second’ – seconden/secondes, echtgenote ‘female spouse’ – echtgenoten/echtgenotes This is particularly the case for nouns formed from adjectives by the addition of -te: ziekte ‘sickness, disease’ – ziekten/ziektes, hoogte ‘height’ – hoogten/hoogtes, vlakte ‘plain’ – vlakten/vlaktes, type ‘type’ – typen/types 7.2.2.8 Many Dutch nouns that originally ended in -de in the singular (and still do in formal style) add -n to the -de in the plural bladzij(de) ‘page’ – bladzijden, la(de) ‘drawer’ – laden, tree/trede ‘step’ – treden (also trees or treeën) 7.2.2.9 The nouns koe ‘cow’ and vlo ‘flea’ insert an -i- before -en koeien, vlooien (colloquially one also hears vlooi in the singular) 7.2.2.10 Nouns (usually abstracts) ending in -heid form their plural in -heden gelegenheid ‘opportunity’ gelegenheden, moeilijkheid ‘difficulty’ – moeilijkheden, schoonheid ‘beauty’ – schoonheden 7.2.3 -eren Plurals There is a small group of neuter nouns that preserve an old plural ending in -eren (compare Eng. children): been bone beenderen 17 blad leaf bladeren 18 17 Been ‘leg’ goes benen. 18 Blad ‘leaf of a book/magazine’ goes bladen, e.g. dagbladen ‘daily newspapers’. Plural of nouns 51
7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid joint gelederen 19 gemoed mind gemoederen goed goods, wares goederen hoen fowl hoenderen 20 kalf calf kalveren kind child kinderen lam lamb lammeren lied song liederen rad wheel raderen rund cow, ox runderen volk nation, people volkeren 21 Kleren ‘clothes’ is a contracted form of klederen (an archaic plural form of kleed). 7.2.4 7.2.4.1 Irregular plural formations Words ending in -man have a plural in -lieden or -lui, the former being more formal zeeman ‘sailor’ – zeelieden/zeelui; koopman ‘merchant’ – kooplieden/kooplui. Some words never employ -lui, only -lieden by virtue of their elevated meaning: edelman ‘nobleman’ – edellieden, raadsman ‘councillor’ – raadslieden Exceptions: muzelman ‘Muslim’ – muzelmannen, Noorman ‘Viking’ – Noormannen, vuilnisman ‘rubbishmen’ – 19 See -en plurals, i.e. 7.2.2.3. 20 Also hoenders, which is more common than hoenderen. 21 Also volken.
- Page 17 and 18: 1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
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- Page 21 and 22: 1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
- Page 23 and 24: 8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
- Page 25 and 26: 2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
- Page 27 and 28: 2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
- Page 29 and 30: 2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
- Page 31 and 32: 2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
- Page 33 and 34: 2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
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- Page 37 and 38: 3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
- Page 39 and 40: 4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
- Page 41 and 42: 5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
- Page 43 and 44: 5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
- Page 45 and 46: 5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
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- Page 57 and 58: 7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
- Page 59 and 60: 7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
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- Page 63 and 64: 7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
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7<br />
Nouns<br />
52<br />
ei egg eieren<br />
gelid joint gelederen 19<br />
gemoed mind gemoederen<br />
goed goods, wares goederen<br />
hoen fowl hoenderen 20<br />
kalf calf kalveren<br />
kind child kinderen<br />
lam lamb lammeren<br />
lied song liederen<br />
rad wheel raderen<br />
rund cow, ox runderen<br />
volk nation, people volkeren 21<br />
Kleren ‘clothes’ is a contracted form of klederen (an archaic plural form<br />
of kleed).<br />
7.2.4<br />
7.2.4.1<br />
Irregular plural formations<br />
Words ending in -man have a plural in -lieden or -lui, the<br />
former being more formal<br />
zeeman ‘sailor’ – zeelieden/zeelui; koopman ‘merchant’ –<br />
kooplieden/kooplui.<br />
Some words never employ -lui, only -lieden by virtue of their elevated<br />
meaning:<br />
edelman ‘nobleman’ – edellieden, raadsman ‘councillor’ –<br />
raadslieden<br />
Exceptions: muzelman ‘Muslim’ – muzelmannen, Noorman<br />
‘Viking’ – Noormannen, vuilnisman ‘rubbishmen’ –<br />
19 See -en plurals, i.e. 7.2.2.3.<br />
20 Also hoenders, which is more common than hoenderen.<br />
21 Also volken.
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