Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 7.1.2.17 All words ending in -aat het consulaat ‘consulate’, het internaat ‘boarding school’, het resultaat ‘result’, het secretariaat ‘secretariat’ 7.1.2.18 Points of the compass het noorden ‘north’, het noordoosten ‘north-east’ 7.1.2.19 Bisyllabic French loanwords seem to be predominantly neuter het plafond ‘ceiling’, het station ‘station’, het toilet ‘toilet’, het trottoir ‘footpath’ Exceptions to this rule end in typically French feminine endings: de kapel ‘chapel’, de puree ‘mash, pulp’ 7.1.3 Compound nouns Compound nouns always take the gender of the last noun in the compound: het ontbijt ‘the breakfast’ + de tafel ‘the table’ = de ontbijttafel de zieken ‘the sick people’ + het huis ‘the house’ = het ziekenhuis The following are exceptions to this rule: de blik ‘glance’ het ogenblik ‘moment’ de draad ‘wire’ het prikkeldraad ‘barbed wire’ de kant ‘side’ het vierkant ‘square’ de stip ‘dot, point’ het tijdstip ‘point in time, period’ het stuk ‘piece’ de biefstuk 1 ‘steak’ het weer ‘weather’ de brandweer 2 ‘fire brigade’ het zegel ‘seal’ de (post)zegel ‘stamp’ 1 In fact this is a corruption of the English word ‘steak’. 2 Actually of different origin as it is derived from the verb weren ‘to avert’; compare also het paard ‘horse’ and de luipaard ‘leopard’, which are unrelated. Rules for the gender of Dutch nouns 41
7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two genders There are many nouns that can have two genders: there are those that have two genders with no difference in meaning and those that do have a difference in meaning. 7.1.4.1 Nouns with two genders with no difference in meaning (The more common gender is given first. This list is not complete—there are more nouns in this category) de/het aanrecht ‘sink’ de/het omslag ‘envelope’ het/de affiche ‘poster’ het/de poeder ‘powder’ het/de draad ‘wire’ de/het rooster ‘toaster,timetable’ de/het kaneel ‘cinnamon’ de/het schort ‘apron’ de/het kauwgom ‘chewing gum’ de/het sloop ‘pillow case’ het/de knoflook ‘garlic’ de/het soort ‘sort’ de/het matras ‘mattress’ Note: de keer ‘time’ but deze or dit keer ‘this time’ Note the peculiarities of gender in the following expressions: het been but Hij is weer op de been ‘He is up and about again.’ het weer but Hij is in de weer ‘He is up and about/busy.’ het meer but de Bijlmermeer, de Haarlemmermeer (i.e. polders not lakes) het hout but de Haarlemmerhout (name of a forest) 7.1.4.2 Nouns with two genders with a difference in meaning de bal ‘ball’ (pl. ballen) het bal ‘ball, dance’ (pl. bals) de band ‘ribbon, tape’ het band ‘ribbon, tape’ (i.e. object) (i.e. material) de blik ‘glance’ het blik ‘tin’ (i.e. metal and tin can) de bos ‘bouquet’ het bos ‘forest’
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7<br />
Nouns<br />
42<br />
7.1.4<br />
Nouns with two genders<br />
There are many nouns that can have two genders: there are those that<br />
have two genders with no difference in meaning and those that do have<br />
a difference in meaning.<br />
7.1.4.1<br />
Nouns with two genders with no difference in meaning<br />
(The more common gender is given first. This list is not complete—there<br />
are more nouns in this category)<br />
de/het aanrecht ‘sink’ de/het omslag ‘envelope’<br />
het/de affiche ‘poster’ het/de poeder ‘powder’<br />
het/de draad ‘wire’ de/het rooster ‘toaster,timetable’<br />
de/het kaneel ‘cinnamon’ de/het schort ‘apron’<br />
de/het kauwgom ‘chewing gum’ de/het sloop ‘pillow case’<br />
het/de knoflook ‘garlic’ de/het soort ‘sort’<br />
de/het matras ‘mattress’<br />
Note: de keer ‘time’ but deze or dit keer ‘this time’<br />
Note the peculiarities of gender in the following expressions:<br />
het been but Hij is weer op de been ‘He is up and about again.’<br />
het weer but Hij is in de weer ‘He is up and about/busy.’<br />
het meer but de Bijlmermeer, de Haarlemmermeer<br />
(i.e. polders not lakes)<br />
het hout but de Haarlemmerhout (name of a forest)<br />
7.1.4.2<br />
Nouns with two genders with a difference in meaning<br />
de bal ‘ball’ (pl. ballen) het bal ‘ball, dance’ (pl. bals)<br />
de band ‘ribbon, tape’ het band ‘ribbon, tape’<br />
(i.e. object) (i.e. material)<br />
de blik ‘glance’ het blik ‘tin’ (i.e. metal and tin<br />
can)<br />
de bos ‘bouquet’ het bos ‘forest’
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