Grammatica - loco

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ANTECEDENT A word previously mentioned in the sentence which a
later word refers back to.
ARTICLE See ‘definite article’ and ‘indefinite article’.
ASPIRATION Some consonants, notably p, t and k, are pronounced in
English allowing a puff of air to escape from the mouth. This is called
aspiration. These consonants are unaspirated in Dutch.
ATTRIBUTIVE An attributive adjective is one which stands in front of a
noun and in Dutch may require an -e ending, e.g. een oude man. The
opposite to this is a predicative adjective which does not stand in front
of a noun and consequently does not ever take an ending, e.g. De man
is erg oud.
AUXILIARY VERB A verb which is used in combination with the infinitive
(see ‘modal verb’) or past participle of another verb.
BISYLLABIC Consisting of two syllables. (See ‘syllable’.)
CARDINAL NUMBER/NUMERAL Basic numerals as in ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’
etc.
CLAUSE A clause is that part of a sentence which contains its own subject
and finite verb. A sentence may consist of either one or more clauses,
e.g. ‘I saw the man’ (one clause), ‘I saw the man who was stealing a
car’ (two clauses). (See ‘main clause’, ‘co-ordinate clause’, ‘subordinate
clause’ and ‘relative clause’.)
CLOSED SYLLABLE A closed syllable is one which ends in a consonant,
e.g. kat, kat-ten; man, man-nen. (See ‘open syllable’.)
COLLECTIVE NOUN A noun which in the singular form expresses a
grouping of individual objects or persons, e.g. volk ‘people’.
COMMON GENDER NOUN The term given to what were historically
masculine or feminine nouns but which have fallen together to form
one gender in Dutch, i.e. de nouns.
COMPARATIVE The comparative of an adjective or adverb in English is
that form which has ‘-er’ added to it or is preceded by ‘more’, e.g. ‘bigger’,
‘more interesting’.
COMPLEMENT A word or words used to complete a grammatical
construction, especially in the predicate, e.g. ‘His name is John’.
COMPOUND NOUN A compound noun is one that has been formed by
putting two nouns together, e.g. stadhuis ‘town hall’.
COMPOUND TENSE A tense formed from an auxiliary verb plus the
infinitive or past participle of another verb, e.g. Het zal doodgaan ‘It
will die’, Het is doodgegaan ‘It has died’.
CONDITIONAL TENSE The conditional is the tense of a verb formed with
‘would’, i.e. it expresses what you would do if a certain condition applied,
e.g. ‘I would go if I had enough time’.
Glossary of
grammatical
terms
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