Grammatica - loco

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Appendix 3 Abbreviations can be of three kinds: 1 Those that are simply a form of short-hand and which are read aloud as the words they represent, e.g. bv. = bijvoorbeeld, o.a. = onder andere. 2 Those that are regarded as words in themselves and may be (and usually are) pronounced using the letters, e.g. KLM pronounced KA- EL-EM. Such abbreviations are designated by an * in the list below. 3 A few abbreviations are read as words in themselves, not as letters. These acronyms are designated by + in the following list, e.g. HAVO. Many abbreviations can take an article which agrees in gender with the final noun in the name, e.g. het KNMI because instituut is neuter. Sometimes other nouns are formed from these abbreviations, e.g. de AOW = de Algemene Ouderdomswet, hence een AOW’er ‘a pensioner’; de NSB = de Nationaal-socialistische Beweging hence een NSB’er ‘a Dutch Nazi’. De gsm ‘cell/mobile phone’ and de sms ‘text message’ are abbreviations for modern inventions that have been borrowed directly into Dutch. They have become words in their own right in both languages and in the case of the Dutch words, the letters are read out as Dutch letters. Note the plural and the diminutive form of both words where the sound of the final letter determines the correct form: de gsm’s, de sms’en, het gsm’etje, het sms’je (see 7.5.1.1 and 7.5.1.3) (de) aio + 1111 2 3 4 Common Dutch abbreviations 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 Afkortingen 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 assistent in opleiding PhD student 8 9 (het) ABN* Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands Standard Dutch 40 A’dam Amsterdam Amsterdam 41111 (het) AN* Algemeen Nederlands Standard Dutch 407
Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviations 408 (het) ANP* Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau Dutch News Agency (de) ANS + Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst a Dutch grammar (de) ANWB* Algemene Nederlandsche Wielrijdersbond Dutch AA or RAC (de) AOW(’er)*Algemene Ouderdomswet pension(-er) (de) APKkeuring* algemene periodieke keuring motor vehicle test a.s. aanstaande next a.u.b. alstublieft please aug. augustus August (de) AVRO + Algemene Vereniging Radio-omroep a broadcasting network (de) AWW* Algemene Weduwen- en Wezenwet Widows’ pension bl., blz. bladzij(de) page (de) BN’er* bekende Nederlander Dutch celebrity (de) BRD Bondsrepubliek Duitsland German Federal Republic (de) btw* belasting toegevoegde waarde value added tax, VAT (de) bv* besloten vennootschap Pty. Ltd bv., bijv. bijvoorbeeld for example, e.g. (het) CBS* Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Central Statistical Office (het) CDA* Christen-democratisch Appel a Dutch political party Cie Compagnie company de cao* collectieve collective labour arbeidsovereenkomst agreement (het) CS Centraal Station main station dec. december December derg. dergelijke and such, and the like dhr. de heer Mr di. dinsdag Tuesday d.i. dat is i.e.
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1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
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1 Pronunciation 4 the more common t
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1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
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8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
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2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
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2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
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2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
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2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
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2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
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20 Generally speaking Dutch punctua
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3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
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4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
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5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
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5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
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5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
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32 Chapter 6 Demonstratives Aanwijz
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34 Chapter 7 Nouns Zelfstandige naa
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7 Nouns 36 7.1.1.9 Words ending in
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7 Nouns 38 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 Neuter nou
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7 Nouns 40 7.1.2.11 Adjectives endi
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7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
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7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
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7 Nouns 46 7.2.1.6 Foreign (usually
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7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
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7 Nouns 50 7.2.2.3 There is a small
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7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
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7 Nouns The Netherlands Nederland t
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7 Nouns 56 7.3.6 -ster (a) Nouns de
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7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
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7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
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7 Nouns 62 scheermes razor scheerme
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7 Nouns 64 7.5.3.1 Adverbs are the
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66 Chapter 8 Pronouns Voornaamworde
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8 Pronouns 68 (b) The unemphatic fo
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8 Pronouns 70 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Remarks
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8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
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8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
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8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
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8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
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8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
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8 Pronouns Masculine antecedents us
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8 Pronouns 84 8.4 8.4.1 Demonstrati
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8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pr
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8 Pronouns 88 In this case the prep
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8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
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8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
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8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
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8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
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8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
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8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
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8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
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8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
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106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglij
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9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
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9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
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9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
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9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
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9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
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9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
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9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
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9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
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9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
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9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
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9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
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9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
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9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
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10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
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10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
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10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although
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10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
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10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant
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10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
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10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
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10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
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10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
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10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
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10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
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10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
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10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
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10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
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10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
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10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
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10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
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10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
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11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
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11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
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11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
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11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
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11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
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11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
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11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
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11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
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11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
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11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
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11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
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11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
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11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
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11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
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11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
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11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
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11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
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11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
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11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
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11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
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11 Verbs There is an adjective form
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11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
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11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
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11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
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11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
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11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
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11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
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11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
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11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
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11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
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11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
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11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
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11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
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11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
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11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
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11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
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11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
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11 Verbs 244 This double participle
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11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
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11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
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11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
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11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
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11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
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11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
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11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
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11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
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11 Verbs 262 zich vervelen* to be b
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11 Verbs 264 Ik heb geen geld bij m
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11 Verbs 266 laten zinken (tr.) Ik
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11 Verbs 268 betreffen to concern W
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11 Verbs 270 2 Nominal prefixes for
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11 Verbs 272 The above is potential
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11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
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11 Verbs 276 11.20.2.1.4 The prefix
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11 Verbs 278 11.21 Verbs followed b
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11 Verbs 280 bij aankomen to arrive
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11 Verbs 282 om smaken to taste of
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11 Verbs 284 lijken to look like le
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11 Verbs 286 tot (see 11.21.1) uit
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11 Verbs 288 gelden to count for, b
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290 Chapter 12 Conjunctions Voegwoo
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12 Conjunctions 292 12.1.1.3 In the
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12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
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12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
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12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
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12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
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12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
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12 Conjunctions 304 12.2.1.10 Naar
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12 Conjunctions 306 12.4 Correlativ
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12 Conjunctions 308 12.4.2 Adverbia
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12 Conjunctions 310 om 1 in order t
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12 Conjunctions 312 but only or Hij
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12 Conjunctions 314 welk(e) . .. oo
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13 Prepositions 316 geen ster aan d
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13 Prepositions 318 behalve ‘exce
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13 Prepositions 320 binnen ‘withi
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13 Prepositions 322 Hij zit (in) ee
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13 Prepositions 324 naar Parijs ver
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13 Prepositions 326 Onder het lezen
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13 Prepositions 328 Als kind heb ik
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13 Prepositions 330 sinds ‘since,
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13 Prepositions 332 tussen 3 en 4 u
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13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
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13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
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13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
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13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
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13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
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14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
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14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
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14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
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14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
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14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
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14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
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Page 373 and 374: 14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
Page 375 and 376: 14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
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Page 381 and 382: 366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
Page 383 and 384: 15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
Page 385 and 386: 15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
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Page 389 and 390: 374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
Page 391 and 392: 16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
Page 393 and 394: 16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
Page 395 and 396: 16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
Page 397 and 398: 16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
Page 399 and 400: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
Page 405 and 406: 390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
Page 407 and 408: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
Page 415 and 416: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
Page 417 and 418: Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
Page 419 and 420: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
Page 421: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
Page 425 and 426: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
Page 431 and 432: 416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
Page 433 and 434: Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
Page 435 and 436: Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
Page 437 and 438: Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
Page 439 and 440: Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
Page 441 and 442: Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
Page 443 and 444: 428 Index The numbers given are par
Page 445 and 446: Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
Page 447 and 448: Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
Page 449 and 450: Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
Page 451 and 452: Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
Page 453 and 454: Index 438 verschillende indefinite
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