Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Email These days you are probably more likely to email someone than write them a letter. Depending on the formality of the situation, the practice may not differ greatly from formal letter writing as described above, but generally speaking email is more informal. An email to a friend called Joop is most likely to start with Hoi Joop. or Hallo Joop. on the first line with the rest of the email continuing on the next line. Beste/Lieve Joop (depending on the relationship) is of course just as possible in an email as in a letter. The most usual ending is merely Groetjes on a line of its own, followed by your first name on the next line. Tot mails, modelled on tot ziens, is also possible instead of Groetjes or even a combination of the two, i.e. Groetjes en tot mails. Here is some more handy email terminology: de e-mail 3 (pl. e-mails) het e-mailadres e-mailen (past tenses: e-mailde, ge-e-maild 4 ) It is also possible in Dutch, and indeed more usual, to simply use the verb mailen instead of e-mailen as this word does not otherwise exist in Dutch, unlike English, e.g.: Ik heb je gisteren gemaild. 5 I emailed you yesterday. In similar fashion ‘an email’, as opposed to the technology as a whole, is most usually expressed by een mail (c.) or een mailtje (n.), e.g.: E-mail is geweldig. Email is fabulous. Ik heb nooit een mail/mailtje van je ontvangen. I have never received an email from you. 3 The hyphen is more important in Dutch than in English, where it is commonly omitted, as there is also a totally unrelated French loanword, email (enamel), which is pronounced as in French. 4 See 11.1.2.1 and 11.1.3.1 for more on how to conjugate verbs like this derived from English. 5 It is very common, and indeed usual, for English loanwords to come into Dutch with just one of the meanings they possess in English, e.g. cake (one particular sort of cake), catering (home catering, not catering in general), container (a shipping container only). Email 389
390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigennamen 1 Countries, inhabitants, nationalities, adjectives, languages The second column contains the name of the country, the third that of the male inhabitant (singular, plural), the fourth the name of the female inhabitant (usually the adjective plus e, see note (a) on p. 398), and the final column contains the adjective, which is usually also the name of the language and nationality. You will notice that several of the terms in the following list have alternatives; the Dutch are not always completely consistent in the way they express nationality. There are several lists like this in the public domain which you can consult; Google ‘landennamen’ if you are interested in knowing more. Country Male (+ plural) Female Adjective (language) Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghaan, Afghanen Afghaanse Afghaans Africa Afrika Afrikaan, Afrikanen1 Afrikaanse Afrikaans Albania Albanië Albanees, Albanezen Albanese Albanees Algeria Algerije Algerijn, Algerijnen Algerijnse Algerijns America Amerika Amerikaan, Amerikanen Amerikaanse Amerikaans Angola Angola Angolees, Angolezen Angolese Angolees Argentina Argentinië Argentijn, Argentijnen Argentijnse Argentijns Armenia Armenië Armeniër, Armeniërs Armeense Armeens Aruba Aruba Arubaan, Arubanen Arubaanse Arubaans Asia Azië Aziaat, Aziaten Aziatische Aziatisch 1 The term Afrikaner refers to a white Afrikaans-speaking inhabitant of South Africa. (see footnote under ‘South Africa’ below)
- Page 353 and 354: 13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
- Page 355 and 356: 13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
- Page 357 and 358: 13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
- Page 359 and 360: 14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
- Page 361 and 362: 14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
- Page 363 and 364: 14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
- Page 365 and 366: 14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
- Page 367 and 368: 14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
- Page 369 and 370: 14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
- Page 371 and 372: 14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
- Page 373 and 374: 14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
- Page 375 and 376: 14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
- Page 377 and 378: 14 Numerals 362 in vijf jaar tijd i
- Page 379 and 380: 14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
- Page 381 and 382: 366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
- Page 383 and 384: 15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
- Page 385 and 386: 15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
- Page 387 and 388: 15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
- Page 389 and 390: 374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
- Page 391 and 392: 16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
- Page 393 and 394: 16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
- Page 395 and 396: 16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
- Page 397 and 398: 16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
- Page 399 and 400: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
- Page 401 and 402: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
- Page 403: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
- Page 407 and 408: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
- Page 409 and 410: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 394 Country
- Page 411 and 412: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 396 Country
- Page 413 and 414: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 398 Country
- Page 415 and 416: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
- Page 417 and 418: Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
- Page 419 and 420: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
- Page 421 and 422: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
- Page 423 and 424: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 425 and 426: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 427 and 428: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 429 and 430: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 431 and 432: 416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
- Page 433 and 434: Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
- Page 435 and 436: Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
- Page 437 and 438: Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
- Page 439 and 440: Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
- Page 441 and 442: Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
- Page 443 and 444: 428 Index The numbers given are par
- Page 445 and 446: Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
- Page 447 and 448: Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
- Page 449 and 450: Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
- Page 451 and 452: Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
- Page 453 and 454: Index 438 verschillende indefinite
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Email<br />
These days you are probably more likely to email someone than write them<br />
a letter. Depending on the formality of the situation, the practice may not<br />
differ greatly from formal letter writing as described above, but generally<br />
speaking email is more informal. An email to a friend called Joop is most<br />
likely to start with Hoi Joop. or Hallo Joop. on the first line with the rest<br />
of the email continuing on the next line. Beste/Lieve Joop (depending on<br />
the relationship) is of course just as possible in an email as in a letter. The<br />
most usual ending is merely Groetjes on a line of its own, followed by your<br />
first name on the next line. Tot mails, modelled on tot ziens, is also possible<br />
instead of Groetjes or even a combination of the two, i.e. Groetjes en tot<br />
mails. Here is some more handy email terminology:<br />
de e-mail 3 (pl. e-mails)<br />
het e-mailadres<br />
e-mailen (past tenses: e-mailde, ge-e-maild 4 )<br />
It is also possible in Dutch, and indeed more usual, to simply use the verb<br />
mailen instead of e-mailen as this word does not otherwise exist in Dutch,<br />
unlike English, e.g.:<br />
Ik heb je gisteren gemaild. 5<br />
I emailed you yesterday.<br />
In similar fashion ‘an email’, as opposed to the technology as a whole, is<br />
most usually expressed by een mail (c.) or een mailtje (n.), e.g.:<br />
E-mail is geweldig.<br />
Email is fabulous.<br />
Ik heb nooit een mail/mailtje van je ontvangen.<br />
I have never received an email from you.<br />
3 The hyphen is more important in Dutch than in English, where it is commonly<br />
omitted, as there is also a totally unrelated French loanword, email (enamel), which is<br />
pronounced as in French.<br />
4 See 11.1.2.1 and 11.1.3.1 for more on how to conjugate verbs like this derived from<br />
English.<br />
5 It is very common, and indeed usual, for English loanwords to come into Dutch with<br />
just one of the meanings they possess in English, e.g. cake (one particular sort of cake),<br />
catering (home catering, not catering in general), container (a shipping container only).<br />
Email<br />
389