Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 handwritten. If it is a letter for abroad this applies to the country, not the town. In 1978 zip or postcodes were introduced in The Netherlands; they consist of four numbers followed by a space and then two capital letters and are placed before the name of the town, as illustrated above. They refer to the city block in a given street in which the house occurs and thus the Dutch postal code book is the size of a telephone book. The back of the envelope afz. B. de Bruin Hoogstraat 10 2509 BA ’s-GRAVENHAGE The Dutch always put the address of the sender on the back of the envelope. The abbreviation afz. stands for afzender. Note too that Dutch names in de, den or van are capitalized only when initials are not mentioned (see 2.5). In telephone books, library catalogues etc. such names are found under the noun, not the preposition or article, i.e. Jan van der Linden is listed as Linden, J. van den. Given the precision of a Dutch postcode, it is not uncommon as a form of shorthand for the sender of a letter to write their name followed simply by their postcode – this would be sufficient information for the postman to be able to return the letter to the correct address. The letter Address and date The date is placed in the top right-hand corner under the sender’s address, but the latter is not always included in less formal letters as it is always written on the back of the envelope: 10 september 1977 There is no dot after the numeral, nor is there a small e or ste/de (the abbreviations for ordinals) because in such expressions the cardinal numeral is used in Dutch (see 14.9). The months are always written with small letters. The letter 385
Appendix 1 Letter writing and email 386 Modes of address in opening a letter 1 When writing to a firm use Mijne Heren, Geachte Heren, or Geachte Heer/Mevrouw, (the most recent, politically correct form for women) 2 When writing to an individual one doesn’t know use Zeer geachte heer De Bruijn or Geachte mevrouw De Bruijn The zeer need only be used when one is being hyperpolite or writing to people in high positions, i.e. professors, politicians etc. Alternatively the following titles are still sometimes used in the body of the letter, as they are on the envelope. Hooggeleerde heer/vrouwe B., a professor Weledelzeergeleerde heer/mevrouw B., someone with a doctorate Weledelgeleerde heer/mevrouw B., a doctorandus, thus also a medical doctor Weledelgestrenge heer/mevrouw B., s.o. with the title of ir. or mr. Weleerwaarde heer/mevrouw B., a dominee 3 When writing to acquaintances and friends use Beste heer Meijer, Beste mevrouw Meijer, Beste Joop/Anneke, Particularly close female friends, girl and boyfriends and relatives are addressed with lieve, but men (including relatives) address each other with beste: Lieve Anneke, Lieve tante Lien, Lieve Hans, (a female writing to a male)
- Page 349 and 350: 13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
- Page 351 and 352: 13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
- Page 353 and 354: 13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
- Page 355 and 356: 13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
- Page 357 and 358: 13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
- Page 359 and 360: 14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
- Page 361 and 362: 14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
- Page 363 and 364: 14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
- Page 365 and 366: 14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
- Page 367 and 368: 14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
- Page 369 and 370: 14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
- Page 371 and 372: 14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
- Page 373 and 374: 14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
- Page 375 and 376: 14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
- Page 377 and 378: 14 Numerals 362 in vijf jaar tijd i
- Page 379 and 380: 14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
- Page 381 and 382: 366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
- Page 383 and 384: 15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
- Page 385 and 386: 15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
- Page 387 and 388: 15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
- Page 389 and 390: 374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
- Page 391 and 392: 16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
- Page 393 and 394: 16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
- Page 395 and 396: 16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
- Page 397 and 398: 16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
- Page 399: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
- Page 403 and 404: Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
- Page 405 and 406: 390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
- Page 407 and 408: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
- Page 409 and 410: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 394 Country
- Page 411 and 412: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 396 Country
- Page 413 and 414: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 398 Country
- Page 415 and 416: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
- Page 417 and 418: Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
- Page 419 and 420: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
- Page 421 and 422: Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
- Page 423 and 424: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 425 and 426: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 427 and 428: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 429 and 430: Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
- Page 431 and 432: 416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
- Page 433 and 434: Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
- Page 435 and 436: Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
- Page 437 and 438: Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
- Page 439 and 440: Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
- Page 441 and 442: Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
- Page 443 and 444: 428 Index The numbers given are par
- Page 445 and 446: Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
- Page 447 and 448: Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
- Page 449 and 450: Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
Appendix 1<br />
Letter writing<br />
and email<br />
386<br />
Modes of address in opening a letter<br />
1 When writing to a firm use<br />
Mijne Heren, Geachte Heren, or Geachte Heer/Mevrouw,<br />
(the most recent, politically correct form for women)<br />
2 When writing to an individual one doesn’t know use<br />
Zeer geachte heer De Bruijn or Geachte mevrouw De Bruijn<br />
The zeer need only be used when one is being hyperpolite or writing<br />
to people in high positions, i.e. professors, politicians etc.<br />
Alternatively the following titles are still sometimes used in the body<br />
of the letter, as they are on the envelope.<br />
Hooggeleerde heer/vrouwe B.,<br />
a professor<br />
Weledelzeergeleerde heer/mevrouw B.,<br />
someone with a doctorate<br />
Weledelgeleerde heer/mevrouw B.,<br />
a doctorandus, thus also a medical doctor<br />
Weledelgestrenge heer/mevrouw B.,<br />
s.o. with the title of ir. or mr.<br />
Weleerwaarde heer/mevrouw B.,<br />
a dominee<br />
3 When writing to acquaintances and friends use<br />
Beste heer Meijer,<br />
Beste mevrouw Meijer,<br />
Beste Joop/Anneke,<br />
Particularly close female friends, girl and boyfriends and relatives<br />
are addressed with lieve, but men (including relatives) address each<br />
other with beste:<br />
Lieve Anneke,<br />
Lieve tante Lien,<br />
Lieve Hans, (a female writing to a male)